This study was conducted to through light on the most important fungi affected gardenia (Gardenia jasmenoides Ellis) plant with leaf spot and bud rots diseases and the effect of some plant essential oils as safe management against these fungi in vitro and in vivo. Isolation trials from infected gardenia plant tacked from Giza governorate during 2005-2006 growing season revealed eleven fungal species related to eleven genera. The isolates were differed in there frequency depending on the infected plant part and the isolation periods, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Pestalotia langloissii and Cladosporium sp. Were the most dominant fungi. These four isolates were differed in there pathogenic capabilities depending on the infected plant part, B. cinerea was exhibited the highest percentage of rotted buds while A. alternata and P. langloissii were only infected the leaves. A. alternata was exhibited the highest disease severity. Among twenty plant essential oils tested in vitro, Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) oil was the most effective one, completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the tested fungi at 500 ppm. concentration or more, while Anise (Pimpinella anisum), Peppermint (Mentha piperita), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Clove (Syzigium aromaticum) and French basil (Ocimum basilicum) oils at concentrations ranging between 750 and 1000 ppm depending on the fungal species occupied the second position in this respect. In vivo studies with cumin oil individually or in mixture with anise or clove oils were showed the best treatment under artificial inoculation than under natural infection in reducing the disease incidence. Generally spraying gardenia plant by cumin oil at 2500 ppm. mixed with clove oil at 5000 ppm. concentration was the best treatment that significantly decreased the disease incidence under greenhouse conditions.

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A pot experiment was conducted during 2012 and 2013 seasons in the Experimental Field of the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department at Dokky, Giza, to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of powdered dried henna ( Lawsonia inermis) and camphor (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) leaves separately on Lavender ( Lavandula dentata) root rot disease, vegetative growth, volatile oil percentage, volatile oil component analysis (GLC). The results were summarized as follow: in all cuts in the two seasons, treatment inoculated with the tested fungus alone all plants died (control). The plants sprayed with Lawsonia inermis aqueous extract at high concentration (100g/L) had a highest significant antimicrobial activity against root rot disease, Lawsonia inermis aqueous extract showed good inhibitory effect against the tested fungus. As for vegetative growth and volatile oil percentage the application of Lawsonia inermis aqueous extract at (100g/L) significantly increased plant height, number of branches , herb fresh and dry weights and volatile oil percentage in most cases in both seasons. Followed by the application of Eucalyptus camaldulensis aqueous extract at (100g/L). The lowest values were recorded when the plants were treated with Eucalyptus camaldulensis aqueous extract at (50g/L) in the first and second seasons. Regarding GLC analysis, the highest percentage of 1,8-Cineol (the main component of the volatile oil) was produced with Lawsonia inermis aqueous extract at (100g/L).

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This study aims to recognize the economic effects of financial and monetary reform policies on the Egyptian agricultural sector through investigating the following goals, Firstly, measuring the impact of phasing out the energy subsidy on the Egyptian agricultural sector, Secondly, analyzing the impact of the agricultural production inputs subsidies, Thirdly, measuring the impact of the floating exchange rate on the development of Egyptian agriculture exports and imports, Measuring the impact of economic indicators of the fiscal and monetary