The relationship between atmospheric pressure plasma spray parameters and in-flight particle characteristics was determined. The morphologies of individual splats and the coating microstructure were studied for different stand-off distances and arc currents. Coating cross-sectional analysis showed that the total porosity of the coating increased with decreasing arc current, and increasing stand-off distance. Two different materials were used: the regular (r-YSZ) feed stock and the nano size (n-YSZ) agglomerated powder. The results illustrate that the r-YSZ coating has higher total porosity at higher arc currents than n-YSZ coating. The splat flattening degree and circularity was examined at different substrate temperatures for both powders. The results indicate that the flattening degree increased at high temperatures for the two materials, but the values for n-YSZ were higher than those for the r-YSZ. This study showed the operating regimes in which the use of n-YSZ yields improved coating properties.

We apply different cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) configurations to treat wheat seeds using (1) a direct atmospheric plasma jet (APJ) in the dry form, (2) indirect plasma-activated water (PAW) in the soaked form, and (3) plasma-activated mist (PAMI) in the wet form. Wheat seedling germination parameters including germination potential, germination index, vigor index, and shoot and root lengths are measured for different plasma treatment-time intervals. Seed germination and seedling growth of wheat specimens are enhanced compared to those of untreated controls. Indirect wet PAW and PAMI show higher wheat germination compared to that of dry direct APJ. During plasma treatment, a rise in hydrophilization of seed surface coat is accompanied by increased water uptake of treated seeds. Ozone generated by plasma shows an increase in all discharge conditions, but this increase is reduced for higher relative humidity values in the PAMI mode. During treatment, OH radicals that are generated by APJ increase largely near seed surfaces. Regarding seed germination, PAW shows a larger impact than PAMI. However, PAMI can be considered to be the more practical technique for treating large numbers of seeds at an industrial scale.

This article provides an impact of applying physics and engineering modern techniques for electric power transmission improvement. Since power losses is a problem in present power systems, many concerns about how to minimize it. Nanotechnology is one of these new techniques and it is also a fastest growing field in research and technology. The main interest of nanotechnology is not electrical power engineering only but there were a lot of possible applications to improve electrical, mechanical, thermal or chemical properties of electric power equipment. This paper illustrates a new application of nanotechnology in electrical power transmission that appeared in coating the transmission lines of type ACSR with a nano layer of copper to minimize the resistance of the transmission and so minimize the transmitted power losses. The substrate used in our experiment was made of aluminium with purity of 99.9 % of dimensions 3×6×0.5 cm. The coating process was done by Hybrid Physical Vapor Decomposition by using DC magnetron sputtering technique. Tested the resistance of the coated substrates is reduced and the obtained results have proven the desired goal of power loss reduction in transmission lines.

The present study illustrates a new application of nanotechnology in electrical power transmission involving the coating the transmission lines of type ACSR with a nano layer of copper to minimize the resistance of the transmission and so minimize the transmitted power losses. The substrate used in the present investigation is made of aluminium of purity 99.9 %. The coating process is done by Hybrid Physical Vapor Decomposition using magnetron sputtering technique. The experimental testing has shown that the resistance of the coated substrates is reduced and the obtained results have proven the desired goal of power loss reduction in transmission lines.