No abstract

Keyboard work consists mostly of dynamic contractions of the small muscles of the forearms and hands. This is accompanied by continuous activity in the arm, shoulder and neck muscles keeping the head and hand in the correct position. Eliminating the weight from the arm by means of support and the position of the arms influences the electrical activity of shoulder muscles when working at a keyboard. We studied the influence of elbow angle; as well as that of different arm supports, on electrical activity of upper trapezius muscle during keyboard work in healthy workers and persons suffering from shoulder pains. The measurements were carried out in the laboratory. EMG activities, which where measured as mean square root (RMS)-values at every 100-millisecond period in trapezius muscle when working, were lower, the greater the elbow angle. Furthermore electrical activity decreased when subjects used arm supports while working. It is evident that the static load to shoulder muscles can be lowered significantly in keyboard work, when the forearms are at an angle of at least 100 degrees and by using arm supports. The most convienient and ergonomic working position can also be found individually be the method used here.

A szerzők cikküket a Pécsi Tudományegyetem alapításának 650. évfordulója tiszteletére közlik.A növényi alapú étrend egy régi-új táplálkozási irányzat. Jelen összefoglaló tanulmányban történeti alapokból kiindulva kívánjuk ismertetni ezt a napjainkban egyre népszerűbb táplálkozási törekvést. Célunk bemutatni a növényi alapú táplálkozást mint primer prevenciós eszközt. Irodalmi adatok alapján kritikusan elemezzük a növényi alapú étrendhez kapcsolódó korábbi téves vélekedéseket (fehérje-, B 12 -vitamin-, folsav-, vasbevitel), és megfelelő fogalmi alapot teremtünk ezen étrend értelmezéséhez, amelynek gerincét a gyümölcsök, zöldségek, teljes kiőrlésű gabonák, hüvelyesek és az olajos magvak alkotják. Ismertetjük a növényi alapú étrend pozitív élettani és betegségkockázat-csökkentő hatását. Az elhízás talaján kialakuló metabolikus és szív-ér rendszert érintő betegségek nagyrészt megelőz-hetőek lennének egy helyesen összeállított növényi alapú étrenddel. A daganatos megbetegedésben szenvedő betegek esetén az állati eredetű élelmiszerek háttérbe szorítása a növényi alapúakkal szemben is igazoltan pozitív hatású. Áttekintésünk bemutatja, hogy ez a fajta táplálkozás számos egészségügyi probléma esetén alkalmazható, és hosszú távon is fenntartható megoldást biztosít a legújabb kor egészségügyi kihívásaira. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(47), 1859-1865. Kulcsszavak: vegán, tápláltsági állapot, elhízás, szívbetegség, tumoros megbetegedés Plant-based diets: a reviewPlant-based diet is an old-new trend in nutrition. In this review based on a historical context, we wish to introduce this popular nutritional trend. Our aim is to present plant-based diet as a primary measure for prevention. We intend to critically analyse some past stereotypes related to plant-based diet -whose main components include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds -according to the literature (e.g. protein, vitamin B 12 , folic acid, and iron intake) by doing so we wish to create an adequate conceptual basis for its interpretation. We discuss positive physiological effects of plant-based diet and its possible role in diseases risk reduction. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases developing due to obesity could be prevented by a properly compiled plant-based diet. For patients with cancer minimizing the intake of foods of animal origin -as opposed to plant-based ones -has proved to have positive effects. Our review suggests this diet can be used in a number of diseases and it also provides long-term sustainable solutions for the health care challenges of the newest era.Keywords: vegan, nutrition status, obesity, heart disease, neoplasm Szabó, Z., Erdélyi, A., G. Kisbenedek, A., U. T. L. Polyák, É., Sz. Szabó, Sz., Kovács, R. E., Raposa, L. B., Figler, M. [Plant-based diets: a review]. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(47), 1859-1865. (Beérkezett: 2016 elfogadva: 2016. szeptember

No abstract

Plant-based diets are becoming more popular for many reasons, and epidemiological as well as clinical data also suggest that a well-balanced vegan diet can be adopted for the prevention, and in some cases, in the treatment of many diseases. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the relationships between these diets and various conditions and their potential biochemical background. As whole plant foods are very rich in food-derived antioxidants and other phytochemicals, they have many positive physiological effects on different aspects of health. In the background of the beneficial health effects, several biochemical processes could stand, including the reduced formation of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) or decreased serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and altered signaling pathways such as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, the composition of plant-based diets may play a role in preventing lipotoxicity, avoiding N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and reducing foodborne endotoxin intake. In this article, we attempt to draw attention to the growing knowledge about these diets and provide starting points for further research.