The population of Russia consists of more than 150 local ethnicities. The ethnic diversity and geographic origins, which extend from eastern Europe to Asia, make the population uniquely positioned to investigate the shared properties of inherited disease risks between European and Asian ethnicities. We present the analysis of genetic and phenotypic data from a cohort of 4,145 individuals collected in three metro areas in western Russia. We show the presence of multiple admixed ancestry clusters spanning from primarily European to Asian and high identity-by-descent sharing with the Finnish population. As a result, there was notable enrichment of Finnish-specific variants in Russia. We illustrate the utility of Russian-descent cohorts for discovery of novel population-specific genetic associations, as well as replication of previously identified associations that were thought to be population-specific in other cohorts. Finally, we provide access to a database of GWAS results for 465 unique phenotypes and allele frequencies.

Purpose. Assessment of prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH), need for prescription of antihypertensive therapy (AHT), and efficacy of AHT in Russian population in accordance with novel guideline of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (“American recommendations”) on diagnosis and treatment of AH (2017).Materials and methods. Epidemiological study ESSE-RF (ЭССЕ-РФ) was carried out in 12 regions of Russian Federation (RF) with different climatic-geographic characteristics. Number of examined residents of RF aged 25–65 years was 20 652. The sample was stratified by  gender and age. Examination included anthropometry, laboratory tests, blood pressure (BP) measurement with the OMRON tonometer. The SCORE scale was used for evaluation of risk of development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In  American recommendations AH was defined as  follows: 1-st degree  – systolic BP (SBP) 130–139  and/or diastolic BP (DBP) 80–89 mm Hg, 2-nd degree – BP ≥140/90 mm Hg and/or presence of AHT. In recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology (2013, 2018) (“European recommendations”) AH was defined as BP ≥140/90 mm Hg and/or presence of AHT.Results. We analyzed data of examination of  20 607  participants – 7806 men (37.9%) and 12 801  women (62.1%). According to  European recommendations AH was diagnosed in 10 347  persons (50.2%)  – 3987 men (51.1%) men and 6 360 women (49.7%). According to American recommendations AH was registered in 14 853 persons (72.1%) – 6 059 men (77.6%) and 8 794 women (68.7%). AHT received 6324 persons (61.1% of those with AH); according to American recommendations, the onset of AHT was indicated to additional 620 persons with 1-st degree AH because of high CVD risk. Among all participants with AH (on and without AHT) strengthening of AHT for achievement of target BP level was required in 77.8 and 92.6% of patients according to European and American recommendations, respectively.Conclusion. Application of novel criteria of AH diagnosis from 2017 ACC/AHA guideline to Russian population would increase prevalence of AH up to 72.1%. Onset of AHT would be indicated in 13.8% of patients with 1-st degree AH, while in 93% of patients receiving AHT its strengthening would be required.

Theobjectiveof our work was to assess the prevalence of prehypertension (PHT) and the relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in the population sample of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation.Design and methods.The ESSE-RF study was carried out in 12 regions of the Russian Federation (Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Vladivostok, Ivanovo, Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk, Orenburg, Tomsk, Tyumen, St Petersburg, and North Ossetia (Alania)) with different climatic, geographic, economic and demographic characteristics. A stratified random sample was formed in each region. In total, 20652 inhabitants of the Russian Federation aged 25–65 years were examined. All participants signed informed consent and completed approved questionnaires regarding behavioral risk factors, socioeconomic status and concomitant diseases/therapy. Anthropometry, fasting blood sampling, measurement of blood pressure (BP) were performed. BP was measured by the OMRON device (Japan) twice on the right arm in the sitting position with calculation of the mean BP. The optimal blood pressure corresponds to the BP level < 120/80 mm Hg. The normal BP is 120–129/80–84 mm Hg. High normal BP is 130–139/85–89 mm Hg. PHT is diagnosed in case of BP 120–139/80–89 mm Hg. Hypertension is diagnosed case of BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive therapy. PHT includes groups of normal and high normal blood pressure. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics 20.Results.Data of 20607 participants were analyzed, among them 7806 men (37,9  %) and 12801 women (62,1  %). The optimal BP was registered in 3848 (23,4  %), normal BP in 3551 (20,1  %), high normal BP in 2861 (14,9  %), PHT — in 6412 (35,0  %), hypertension — in 10347 (41,6  %). The prevalence is standardized according to the age structure of the World Health Organization (2000). Among men, compared with women, PHT was significantly more frequent (41,2  % and 30,1  %, respectively). The probability of PHT, adjusted for sex, age and obesity is associated with hypercholesterolemia > 4,9 mmol / l (OR 1,27 [1,15, 1,39]), increased HDL > 3,0 mmol / l (1,25 [1,14, 1,37]), triglycerides > 1,7 mmol / l (OR 1,39 [1,23, 1,58]), hyperglycemia ≥ 5,6 mmol / l (OR 1,46 [1,28, 1,67], p < 0,05). The presence of higher education reduced the likelihood of PHT, behavioral risk factors were not significant predictors.Conclusions.The results demonstrate the high prevalence of PHT and the association of metabolic abnormalities with the transformation of optimal blood pressure in PHT, which emphasizes the importance of timely diagnosis of PHT and correction of cardiometabolic risk factors in the Russian population.

Международное общество по артериальной гипертензии и Мировая антигипертензивная лига организовали скрининговое исследование по измерению артериального давления (АД) под названием MMM19 -MAY MEASUREMENT MONTH 2019 для улучшения выявления повышенного АД и оценки контроля АД у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией (АГ). Цель. Определить приверженность к лечению российского населения по результатам скрининга АГ в рамках международной акции МММ19. Материал и методы. В течение мая 2019г в скрининге приняли участие 5394 человека из 21 региона России. Участие в акции было добровольным без ограничения по полу, возраст старше 18 лет. Во время скрининга трехкратно измерялось АД с помощью автоматических и механических тонометров, заполнялся опросник о наличии сахарного диабета, сердечно-сосудистых осложнений в анамнезе, курении и употреблении алкоголя. Также получена информация о дате последнего контроля АД и приеме статинов, ацетилсалициловой кислоты и антигипертензивных препаратов. Информация о росте и массе тела была получена со слов респондентов. Результаты. В анализ были включены данные 5274 пациентов в возрасте от 18 до 96 лет, из них 1834 мужчин (34,8%). Медиана возраста -25 лет, квартили -20 и 49 лет. Пропорция пациентов с АГ по результатам МММ19 в российской выборке составила 31,9%, а при исключении участников младше 25 лет -51,5%. Пациенты с АГ старше 25 лет принимают антигипертензивную терапию (АГТ) в 73,6%, при этом 38,6% пропускают прием препаратов, а достигают целевого уровня АД <130/80 мм рт.ст. только 11,8% мужчин и 17,2% женщин. Даже при использовании 4-5 антигипертензивных препаратов, только 20-30% участников акции достигали целевого уровня АД. Заключение. По результатам скрининга МММ19 в России лишь треть пациентов высокого риска измеряли АД в течение последних 12 мес., наблюдается низкая приверженность к приему АГТ и недостаточный контроль АГ. Более склонны к регулярному приему гипотензивных средств пациенты с АГ, имеющие в анамнезе сердечно-сосудистые осложнения.Ключевые слова: скрининг, артериальная гипертензия, артериальное давление, приверженность, осведомленность. Отношения и деятельность: нет.

Background. Arterial stiffness, which is a marker of vascular damage and cardiovascular disease independent predictor, can be used as an indicator of vascular aging. Vascular changes may occur in some individuals earlier than it comes according to chronological age (early vascular aging syndrome) or later (healthy aging). SUPERNOVA (supernormal vascular aging) is a new protective phenotype in which very low arterial stiffness values are recorded regardless of the level of risk factors exposure.Objective. To assess the prevalence of SUPERNOVA phenomenon and risk factors in St Petersburg population-based sample.Design and methods. The survey of 1600 St Petersburg residents aged 24-65 years was performed in terms of the epidemiological observation study ESSE-RF (2012-2013). Anthropometry and fasting blood sampling for lipids and glucose detection and blood pressure measurement according to standard methods were performed. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) assessed by SphygmoCor (Australia) was performed in 524 people. 485 participants were selected without cardiovascular complications history. The participants were divided by age into 5 groups: persons under 30 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60 years and older. PWV < 10th percentiles for healthy individuals PWV (Reference Values for Arterial Stability’s Collaboration, 2010) was detected as SUPERNOVA phenomenon in each age group. Mathematical and statistical data analysis was implemented using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0.Results. SUPERNOVA phenomenon prevalence was 9,8 % (48 participants): 11,9 % women (32 participants) and 7,4 % men (16 participants). Among women systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels (p = 0,01) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0,055) were significantly lower. Subjects with SUPERNOVA showed significantly lower SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), BMI, glucose, triglycerides and lower prevalence of arterial hypertension (HTN), obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. In participants younger 30 years only obesity prevalence was significantly lower in respondents with SUPERNOVA, based on BMI criterion (p = 0,046). Participants aged 30-39 years showed no significant differences. In the group aged 40-49 years BMI (p = 0,02), abdominal obesity prevalence (p = 0,05), as well as SBP levels (p = 0,03) and DBP (p = 0,05) was significantly lower in individuals with SUPERNOVA. In the group aged 50-59 with SUPERNOVA significantly lower HTN prevalence (p = 0,03), glucose levels (p = 0,005) and BMI (p = 0,04) were found. In the older age group of 60-65 years subjects with SUPERNOVA have significantly lower levels of SBP (p = 0,014) and DBP (p = 0,014), as well as significantly lower prevalence of HTN (p = 0,03).Conclusions. At population level the phenomenon of supernormal vascular aging occurs in about 10 % without significant gender prevalence. HTN, obesity and metabolic factors are the determining factors of vascular aging. Ideal vascular health is associated with age-specific features.