All experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Plant Protection Research Station at Qaha, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, throughout two successive growing seasons (2012 and 2013) on vegetative period. The results clearly indicated the presence of 36 species belonging to 25 families under 10 orders. These insects and mites are as follows:Insect species were clover leaf weevil, Phytonomus brunneipennis Boh.; clover root weevil, Sitona Lividipes Fahraeus; cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Huf.); green bug, Nezara viridula L.; Semillopers, Autographa gamma L.; tomato borer, Tuta absoluta Povolny; milkweed bug, Spilostethus pandurus Scop; white-spotted bug, Eysarcoris ventralis (Westwood); mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso; red bug, Scantius aegyptius (L.); cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.); pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris); cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover; potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas); green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer); cotton jassids, Empoasca lybica (de Berg); cotton thrips. Thrips Tabaci Lind; cotton seed bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa; adonis beetle, Hippodamia (Adonia) variegate (Goeze); Ladybird beetles, Coccinella spp. Linnaeus; Flower bug, Orius spp. Say; Aphid lion, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens); mantis, Mantis religiosa L.; Gosmlyce baeticus L.; cabbage worm, Pieris rapae (Linnaeus); spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisduval) and colorful butterfly, Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus).Mite species were the red spider mite, Tetranychus spp.; eriophyid mite (tomato russet mite), Aceria lycopersici (Wolffenstein); broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks); Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, Amblyseius gossypii EL-Badery, Stigmaeus rattus Gomaa and Rakha, Cunaxa spp.; the red spider mite, Tarsonemus spp. and Tydeus spp. Peer review under responsibility of Faculty of Agriculture, Ain-Shams University. ª 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University.The results showed that Aceria lycopersici proved to be the most abundant species followed by Bemisia tabaci and the Tetranychus spp. recorded with occurrence percent 87.15, 4.63 and 4.16% from grand mean total, respectively.Data showed that Solfan, KZ oil and Achook have suppressed effect on the individuals activity of the eriophyid mites, red spider mite and whitefly compared with control.ª 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University.
An experiment was carried out under field conditions at Ziton village in Beni-Sueif Governorate during two successive seasons, 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 to choose the suitable time of insecticide applications and their effect on T. tabaci infestation on garlic plants and resultant yield. The four tested treatments by applying two recommended insecticides at different times of plant growth were Carbosulfan (Marshal 20% EC with recommended rate 200 cm 3 / fed.) and Spinetoram (Radiant 12% SC with recommended rate 120 cm 3 / fed) compared with the untreated garlic plants. Results and their statistical analysis showed clearly that all treatments significantly decreased the population density of T. tabaci and increased the garlic yield comparing with control treatment. The applying of Carbosulfan and Spinetoram at 15 day intervals (12 times of applications) throughout the whole growing season of garlic plant till one month before harvesting (T1) lead to reduce the population density of T. tabaci infesting garlic plants and gave the highest yield in the two studied seasons, as an average head weight of 12463.50 kg / feddan. Although, garlic plants which treated by Carbosulfan and Spinetoram after one month of sowing date from Nov., 1 st at 30 old days till Dec., 15 th (4 times of applications) (T2) infested by higher number of T. tabaci,then gave the considerable head yield (9313.50 kg / feddan). However the application of T3 (Spraying of Carbosulfan and Spinetoram from Jan., 1 st of at 90 old days till Feb., 15 th) and T4 (spraying of Carbosulfan and Spinetoram from March 1 st at 150 old days till April, 15 th) (4 times of applications) were the lowest infested group of T.tabaci and gave the lowest yield in the 4 insecticide applications, as the average of garlic head weight in the two seasons were 8498.70 and 8333.85 kg / feddan respectively. On the other hand, garlic plants in control plots infested by the significantly highest number of T. tabaci and gave the lowest yield when compared with the fourth treatment, as the average head weight in the two seasons was 6139.35 kg / feddan. Concerning the net return of the all tested treatments, T1 gave the best return 13322.55 L.E / feddan.
st and March, 14 th at 41, 83 and 104 days from sowing date , respectively. In the second season, the peak numbers and account of aphids/20buds were recorded slightly differences. Pea aphid was insignificantly positive correlated with plant age for all sowing dates during two study seasons except for first date in the first season was significantly positive correlated. Also, pea aphid was the more dominant aphid species through three sowing dates during two seasons. Population fluctuation of T.tabaci had two, five and four peaks at the three sowing dates, respectively, in the first season. But in the second season T.tabaci recorded three, five and four peaks at first, second and third sowing dates, respectively. The three tested sowing dates arranged descending, where the T. tabaci population recorded as 7.29, 4.49 and 3.27 insects / 20 buds, respectively, in the first season. The general trend of T. tabaci infestation in the second season recorded gradually increasing, characterized with significant differences between vegetative, flowering and fruiting stages in the three sowing dates. Also the fruiting stage in the three sowing date is the most stage infested by T. tabaci.Statistical analysis of results for the two seasons was indicated that, the suitable date for fenugreek cultivation in Qualibia ,Governorate , Egypt Nov.,15 th where recorded mean numbers 1.67 ; 2.13 aphids / 20 buds and 4.49 ; 3.31 thrips / 20 buds in the first and second seasons , respectively, compared with other sowing dates. Also, the fruiting stages in the three sowing dates during two seasons is the most stage infested by T. tabaci followed by flowering and vegetative growth stages expect of, third date in the first season
The experiment was conducted in the fall growing season of 2013 at farmer field in Badrashin province, Giza Governorate. The present study is to investigate and determines the suitable area (size), heights and direction positions of the yellow sticky traps to utilize those factors as new tools while implement the Integrated Pest Management strategy. Statistical analysis was showed presence highly significant differences between the tested trap sizes .The Data indicated that , the tested trap sizes can be arranged descending as follow: 200 >160 >80 >40> 20 Cm² in both tomato and cabbage fields. Moreover, the traps with 10 x 20 cm was captured the highest number of the Bemisia tabaci, adult, 38.33 and 566.27 (adults/trap) in tomato and cabbage crop, respectively. Data indicated that, there was an irreversible relationship between the number of the adults caught by the trap and its height. Where, the trap with 20 cm height above the ground surface recorded the highest captured whitefly adult per trap (63.33, 18.33 and 23.76 adult/trap in tomato, cabbage and uncultivated part (control), respectively). The results cleared that, the free hanging position type caught the highest number (164.87 adult/trap), but the reversible type caught the lowest number (19.07 adult/trap).The tested trap position arranged descending according its captures values as follow: free hanging> horizontal position> 45° angel towards north> vertical towards north > reversible trap, where its capture values were 164.87, 125.56, 109.30, 60.80 and 19.06 adult/trap. The trap with size 10X20 Cm², 20 Cm above the ground surface and free hanging recorded the highest capture of B. tabaci. The previous specification can be used to provide a clear picture about the population density of the whitefly in different crops at different period and use as implement tolls in the integrated pest management program.
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