The present study was conducted for one year (from February 2012 to January 2013) to survey mites inhabiting organic manures of some domestic animals (Buffalos, Cows, Sheep, Goats, Rabbits and Poultry) in Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia governorate. The study revealed the presence of 21 mite species, belonging to 16 families and 4 suborders (Acaridida, Actinedida, Gamasida and Oribatida). Dominance of the relative abundance and Shannon-Wiener index were calculated for mite communities. Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Shrank) was the dominant species within all manures examined. The poultry manure harbored the highest numbers of mite species (S = 13), while the rabbit manure harbored the lowest (S = 4). On the other hand, Macrocheles mascadomesticae (Scopoli), and Cheyltus malaccensis Oudemans, were the widespread species inhabiting most of the examined animal manurs.

Although citriculture ranks high in Egypt as a superior orange producer and exporter country, citrus yield should be further optimized via management of pests and pathogens that adversely affect citrus orchards. We throw light on the various groups of these citrus-damaging organisms to alarm for the significance of adopting adequate programs for their control. As many plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) species in Egypt and abroad; all but one, the citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans, of which are of limited distribution, this species was addressed herein in details. The citrus nematode could significantly reduce lemon yield. Before nematicidal application, growers and stakeholders should adopt strict quarantine and seedling certification programs, consider the limiting factor principle, and use appropriate nematode sampling and extraction methods. Moreover, bionematicides should be earnestly tried among other PPN management options in order to avoid human health hazards and attain pollution-free environment. Yet, holistic management should include not only nematodes but also other pests and pathogens of citrus in Egypt. We highlighted general production practices that should adequately tackle relevant citrus problems.

Citrus fruit yield is considered a short-term response to the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans damage and therefore this study addressed parameters measuring overall appearance of the sampled trees. Soil and roots from 20 trees in each of three mature: 'banzaheer' lemon, 'Baladi' mandarin, and 'Navel' orange and one immature: 'Navel' orange orchards, all grafted on sour orange rootstock, in Egypt were sampled for the citrus nematode, T. semipenetrans, in February 2011 to investigate their correlations with tree parameters (tree height and vigor, canopy diameter, and trunk circumference) that reflect long-term nematode damage of the sampled trees. The correlation between pairs of these four parameters were always positive and generally with high significant levels. Each of the four parameters was not significantly correlated with fruit yield of the mature trees but each of tree height and vigor, and canopy diameter was correlated with fruit yield of the immature Navel orange. The relationships between pairs of these biotic parameters and T. semipenetrans population density in fibrous roots and soil were not consistent. Eleven edaphic factors in mandarin and mature orange orchards were measured and compared. Both soils were dominated by rough grainy particles of sand. Levels of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, ammonium and nitrate as well as soil solution pH, organic matter content and electric conductivity in the soil samples were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) different between the mandarin and orange orchards. To achieve better economic revenue of citriculture, local tackling of T. semipenetrans problem in newly reclaimed areas of Egypt was discussed.

The life history of the spider mite, Tetranychus cucurbitacearum (Sayed) was investigated on six eggplant cultivars ("White", "Black Stream beity", "Baladi", "Black king", "Roma" and "Taska") at 25 & 35+2"C and 70+5% R.H. "Taska" cultivar shortened the life cycle to 10.08 and 6.93 days at25 and 35'C; while "White" cultivar prolonged this period to 16.28 and 10.61 days. The high egg production per female was on Taska cultivar (70.70 & 47.58 eggs) with a daily rate of 7.08 & 5.50 eggifemale at25 ar,d 35oC, respectively. The low egg production per femaie was on White cultivar (41 .66 & 29.42 eggs) with a daily rate 7 .38 & 7 .99 egg/female, respectively at the same previous conditions.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important polyphagous plant parasites worldwide. Intraspecific variation and the occurrence of physiological races have necessitated the development of taxonomic techniques enabling differentiation and classification of races related to major Meloidogyne spp. Accurate identification of their races and populations is essential for determining appropriate management approaches and benefits from further characterization and understanding of the variability within a single nematode species. Electrophoretic focusing of malic dehydrogenase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and esterase for seven populations of Meloidogyne spp. by polyacrylamide gels was tested. These populations included 1, 2 and 4 populations of M. javanica and M. arenaria race I and II, respectively. Malic Dehydrogenase profiles obtained by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated that differences between Meloidogyne arenaria and M. javanica were more pronounced than were differences between races or populations of M. arenaria. The enzyme patterns of the two species varied even though the nematodes were propagated on the same host plant (Rutgers tomato).