Rural workers showed high vulnerability to the presence of OPMDs, as estimated prevalence exhibited was high.

Objective:To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated diabetic complications in rural Goa, India.Materials and Methods:A community-based study was carried out in a rural setting in Goa, India. About 1,266 participants were selected by systematic random sampling. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and were subjected to anthropometric, clinical evaluation and biochemical investigations. American Diabetes Association criteria were used to determine the prevalence of diabetes and standard operational definitions were used to define the diabetic complications. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 14.0 while chi-square and chi-square for trend were the tests used.Results:Among the total 1,266 study participants about 130 (10.3%) were diabetics. The prevalence of the associated diabetic complications were as follows viz. neuropathy (60%), CHD (32.3%) and cataract (20%), retinopathy (15.4%), peripheral vascular disease (11.5%) and cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) (6.9%). A significant rising trend in the prevalence of all diabetic complications was observed with advancing duration of diabetes.Conclusion:The prevalence of DM and its associated complications was higher among the diabetic individuals in the rural setting of Goa, India. All the associated diabetic complications observed need to be addressed with appropriate prevention and control strategies.

No abstract

Background: India contributes the highest TB burden globally and DOTS being the key strategy of RNTCP needs evaluation. The objective of this study was to assess treatment outcomes in TB patients on DOTS in terms of success rates in new and retreatment cases. Methods: Retrospective record based study was conducted at urban health centre, Santa Cruz Goa, India including 135 TB cases registered from January 2008 to January 2016 for DOTS. Data on treatment outcomes was analysed using appropriate statistical methods and percentages were calculated. Results: Out of total 135 TB cases, 64.4% had pulmonary while 35.6% had extra-pulmonary TB. Percentage of new cases was 84.4% whereas 15.6% were retreatment cases. Success rate (cure rate plus treatment completion rate) for new cases was 84.2% and for retreatment cases was 76.2% while the overall success rate was 83%. Conclusions: Successful treatment outcome was lower compared to the RNTCP norm.

Background: Malaria is a complex disease that varies widely in epidemiology in different parts of the world. Through its strategic action plan for malaria control (2007-2012) and its updated national drug policy on malaria India has put a strong pillar to address malaria prevention and control. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the hospital-based proportion of fever cases being diagnosed as malaria and determine its trend.Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out at rural and health training centre at Mandur. All suspected fever cases were reported to the centre sent for peripheral blood examination.Results: A total of 6073 patients who had clinical history suggestive of malaria were examined for malaria parasites. Out of 6073 slides examined, 187 slides were positive for malarial parasites. Out of 187, 136 (72.7%) were Plasmodium vivax, 40 (21.3%) were Plasmodium falciparum and 13 (16.9%) were mixed infections. Of the 187 patients positive for malaria 155 (82.9%) were males and 32 (17.1%) were females. Maximum number of malaria cases i.e., 63 (33.7%) were in the age group 21 to 30 years. Out of 187 cases, maximum number of cases were reported during a period of 5 months (July to November), very minimum (10) microscopically confirmed malaria cases reported in 2014. Maximum (36) no microscopically confirmed malaria cases were found in 2013.Conclusions: In the studied area Plasmodium vivax is the most common type and it was more in males than females, most affected age group was between 21-30 years.