Source of light ions with high intensities The (SILHI) source has been producing proton beams since 1996. The first aim is to produce up to 100 mA cw beams at 95 keV for the injector of protons for high intensity demonstrator. This prototype is developed by a CEA/DSM–CNRS/IN2P3 collaboration for applications such as accelerator driven systems for nuclear waste transmutation, production of radioactive ion beams, or secondary particles. To measure installation reliability, continuous 5 day long runs have been performed. In October 1999, a 99.96% availability was achieved with a single short beam off and a 103 H uninterrupted beam. A new extraction system leads to lower beam losses and higher LEBT transparency. SILHI now produces a 95 keV–130 mA total beam with a proton fraction higher than 80%. Up to a 157 mA (247 mA/cm2) total cw beam has been extracted. The new EPICS control system, electromagnetic interference hardened devices and automatic control procedures now allow us to do longer runs. To analyze the reliability of these upgrades, a 4 week test was planned. In the framework of the International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility project CEA participation, 135 mA–95 kV deuteron pulsed beams were produced. Extraction simulations and recent SILHI results are also presented. In addition, a new test bench has been recently developed to analyze H− beam production.

Efficiency and transient time studies of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source for radioactive ion beam production at ISAC/TRIUMF Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 946 (2000)Design of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source for the isotope separator and accelerator at TRIUMF Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 643 (2000)The high intensity light ion source ͑SILHI͒ is the electron cyclotron resonance ͑ECR͒ source constructed and tested at CEA-Saclay. The first aim is to produce up to 100 mA cw proton beams at 95 keV for the proton injection high intensity ͑IPHI͒ beams ͓5 MeV radio frequency quadrupole ͑RFQ͒ and 10 MeV drift tube linac ͑DTL͔͒. This prototype is developed by a CEA-CNRS-IN2P3 collaboration for applications such as accelerator driven systems for nuclear waste transmutation, production of radioactive ion beams or secondary particles. SILHI is also used to study the production of deuteron and H Ϫ beams for the International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility and European spallation source projects, respectively. The present status of SILHI and the experiments planned for the near future in both cw and pulsed modes are presented in this article. 80 mA cw proton beams are now currently produced at 95 keV with a high availability ͑ϳ1 spark/day͒. The proton fraction is around 90% and the typical r -rЈ rms normalized emittance after transport through a single solenoid low energy beam transport ͑LEBT͒ without beam losses is 0.3 mm mrad. The best beam characteristics are obtained when an ECR zone is created at the frontier between the plasma chamber and the rf ridged transition. Extensive emittance measurements performed with different gas injection in the LEBT have shown a factor of three emittance reduction. Space charge compensation measurements in cw mode will be undertaken with a four-grid analyzer to understand this behavior. Time resolved space charge compensation measurements in pulsed mode are also discussed. The highest total beam current of 120 mA ͑240 mA/cm 2 ͒ can be extracted with two ECR zones located at the plasma chamber extremities. Nevertheless a new electrode design must be done for this configuration to avoid excessive beam losses in the extraction system.

The high-intensity light ion source (SILHI) is designed to be a prototype source for high power linear accelerators. The goal is to produce a 100 mA proton or a 140 mA deuteron ion beams at 95 keV with rms normalized emittance lower than 0.2 π mm mrad. A 108 mA total beam (J=215 mA/cm2) was extracted in April 1997 (85% H+, 12% H2+, and 3% H3+ fractions) with two electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) zones located at both plasma chamber extremities simultaneously. First beam measurements indicate a 0.17 π mm mrad rms normalized emittance for a 80 mA proton beam at 80 keV. In these conditions, a 96% availability was obtained during an 8 h working day. An intermediate electrode is placed in the accelerator gap to minimize emittance distortions as shown by simulations. Beam analysis were made as a function of the intermediate electrode voltage, the gas flow, the magnetic field, and the 2.45 GHz rf power. First rf plasma coupling observations indicated that the magnetron was too highly coupled with the load (plasma chamber). By adding a second circulator and locking the oscillator with an external signal, this dependence was decreased. Measurements then clearly show that the output spectrum is completely independent of the load phasing. All these results will be presented.