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This book originates from graduate courses given in Cambridge and London. It provides a brisk, thorough treatment of the foundations of algebraic number theory, and builds on that to introduce more advanced ideas. Throughout, the authors emphasise the systematic development of techniques for the explicit calculation of the basic invariants, such as rings of integers, class groups, and units. Moreover they combine, at each stage of development, theory with explicit computations and applications, and provide motivation in terms of classical number-theoretic problems. A number of special topics are included that can be treated at this level but can usually only be found in research monographs or original papers, for instance: module theory of Dedekind domains; tame and wild ramifications; Gauss series and Gauss periods; binary quadratic forms; and Brauer relations. This is the only textbook at this level which combines clean, modern algebraic techniques together with a substantial arithmetic content. It will be indispensable for all practising and would-be algebraic number theorists.

Van der Waerden (1930 a , pp. 128- 131) has discussed the problem of carrying out certain field theoretical procedures effectively, i.e. in a finite number of steps. He defined an ‘explicitly given’ field as one whose elements are uniquely represented by distinguishable symbols with which one can perform the operations of addition, multiplication, subtraction and division in a finite number of steps. He pointed out that if a field K is explicitly given then any finite extension K' of K can be explicitly given, and that if there is a splitting algorithm for K , i.e. an effective procedure for splitting polynomials with coefficients in K into their irreducible factors in K [x], then(1) there is a splitting algorithm for K' . He observed in (1930 b ), however, that there was no general splitting algorithm applicable to all explicitly given fields K , or at least that such an algorithm would lead to a general procedure for deciding problems of the type ‘Does there exist an n such that E(n) ?’, where E is an arbitrarily given property of positive integers such that there is an algorithm for deciding for any n whether E(n) holds. In this paper we review these results in the light of the precise definition of algorithm (finite procedure) given by Church (1936), Kleene (1936) and Turing (1937) and discuss the existence of a number of field theoretical algorithms in explicit fields, and the effective construction of field extensions. We sharpen van der Waerden’s result on the non-existence of a general splitting algorithm by constructing (§7) a particular explicitly given field which has no splitting algorithm. We show (§7) that the result on the existence of a splitting algorithm for a finite extension field does not hold for inseparable extensions, i.e. we construct a particular explicitly given field K and an explicitly given inseparable algebraic extension K ( x ) such that K has a splitting algorithm but K ( x ) has not. (2) We note also (in §6) that there exist two isomorphic explicitly given fields, one of which possesses a splitting algorithm but the other of which does not. Thus the sort of properties of fields we are interested in depend not only on the abstract field but also on the particular representation chosen. It is necessary therefore to state rather carefully our definitions of explicit ring, extension ring, splitting algorithm, etc., and to introduce the concept of explicit isomorphism (3) and homomorphism. This occupies §§ 1,2 and 3. On the basis of these definitions we then discuss the existence of some fundamental field theoretical algorithms in explicit fields and their extension fields. This leads also to a classification of the types of extension fields which can be effectively constructed.

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