We analyze variable geomagnetic field δΤ which characterizes the change in electrical conductivity in the Earth's crust for the Armenia from 1986 to 1993. Clear geomagnetic precursors of the Paravan (13.05.1986, М=5.4) and Spitak (07.12.1988, М=7.0) earthquakes are obtained. About half a year before the Spitak earthquake, the parameters of the ratios of bay-like variations (30–60 and 5–25 min) of the horizontal and vertical components of the geomagnetic field δΤ decreased by about 30%. An analysis of the data two months before the Paravan earthquake also shows a sharp drop in the values of this parameter by 20–25%. In the interval between two earthquakes, the ratios of bay-like variations lie in the range of ± 10% with an average value of 1. For the Sq variations of the δD, δH, and δZ components of the geomagnetic field δΤ, a sharp drop was observed about a month before the Paravan earthquake from 1.2 to 0.8. After the Paravan earthquake, all three components partially returned to their pre-earthquake parameters (~ 1.2) within a few months. Further, a monotonous decrease in all three components of the geomagnetic field was observed up to the Spitak earthquake from 1.2 to 0.54. After this earthquake, the bay-like and Sq variations returned to normal values between 1 and 1.2 within a few months. The difference in the behavior for the bay-like and Sq variations in the period between two earthquakes is possibly associated with the beginning of the preparation of the Spitak earthquake a few months after the Paravan earthquake.
Актуальность работы. Изучение изменений локального геомагнитного поля с целью выявления предвестников сильных землетрясений, особенно в сейсмоактивных регионах, где расположены большие города и объекты особо важного значения (АЭС, водохранилище и т.п.) остается одной из главных задач современной науки. В разных странах мира, используя магнитометрические методы, проводятся исследования по поиску предвестников сильных землетрясений. Цель. Однако, за первую половину XX века, несмотря на отдельные попытки ученых Японии и других стран, серьезных результатов достичь не удалось. Установлено, что с развитием геодинамических процессов в земной коре, особенно при подготовке сильных землетрясений, происходят изменения в магнитных свойствах горных пород (электропроводности, диэлектрической и магнитной проницаемости). Геомагнитные вариации, создаваемые внешним источником, несут в себе важную информацию об изменениях в физических свойствах в земной коры и верхней мантии, а так же позволяют оценить эти изменения. Методы. Представлена методика, которая позволяет с помощью изучения вариаций локального геомагнитного поля, создаваемых внешним источником, выявить изменения в электропроводности на разных глубинах земной коры и верхней мантии, связанные с развитием геодинамических процессов. С этой целью использован расчетный параметр N(A), который является отношением амплитуд вариаций геомагнитного поля внешнего происхождения, измеренных синхронно на разных парах станций. Изучены вариации с периодами 1025, 3060 минут и Sq-вариации. Метод применяется в низкоширотных областях Земли, где вариации переменного геомагнитного поля хорошо выделяются. Результаты. Используя предлагаемую методику, на территории Армении были выявлены аномальные изменения локального отклика геомагнитного поля перед Парванийским 1986 г. (М5,4) и Спитакским 1988 г. (М7,0) землетрясениями. Предполагается, что причинами изменений в физических свойств геологической среды в частности электропроводности, являются дегазация Земли и вертикальная фильтрация флюидов в верхние слои земной коры Relevance. The study of local geomagnetic field changes in order to identify harbingers of strong earthquakes, especially in seismically active regions where large cities and especially important objects (nuclear power plants, a storage reservoir, etc.) are located remains one of the main tasks of modern science. In different countries studies are being conducted to search for precursors of strong earthquakes, using magnetometric methods. Aim. However, for the first half of the 20th century, despite some attempts by scientists from Japan and other countries, no serious results were obtained. It has been established that with the progress of geodynamic processes in the earths crust, especially during the preparation of strong earthquakes, changes in the magnetic properties of rocks (electrical conductivity, dielectric and magnetic permeability) occur. However, geomagnetic variations created by an external source carry important information about changes in physical properties, in particular, electrical conductivity in the earths crust to the upper mantle, and make it possible to evaluate these changes. Methods. A technique that allows to identify changes in electrical conductivity at different depths of the earths crust and upper mantle associated with the development of the geodynamic process, using the study of local geomagnetic field variations created by an external source, is presented. For this purpose, parameter N(A), which is the ratio of the amplitudes of variations of the geomagnetic field of external origin, measured synchronously at different pairs of stations, was used. Variations with periods of 10-25, 30-60 minutes and Sq-variations were studied. The method is used in low latitude areas of the Earth, where variations of the variable geomagnetic field stand out well. Results. Anomalous changes in the local geomagnetic field were revealed in Armenia before the Parvania 1986 (M 5.4) and Spitak 1988 (M 7.0) earthquakes, using the proposed methodology. It is assumed that the causes of changes in the physical properties of the geological environment, in particular, electrical conductivity, are most likely to be the degassing of the Earth and the vertical filtration of fluids into the upper layers of the earths crust
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