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It was found that the spring development of bee colonies most actively occurs against the background of the compositional stimulating feeding of honey mead with the addition of the milk mixture "Nanny 2 with a prebiotic" in a complex with cobalt sulfate (group 4), which, in comparison with the background level, increased the average daily egg-laying capacity of queen bees by the second count by 2.48 times and at the height of the season -3.03 times (in control 2.02 and 2.28 times) with an absolute value of 1814.0 and 2209.0 eggs/day (in control 1459.0 and 1650.0 eggs/day). At the same time, the growth index of the family strength, which is a vector biological component indicating economically useful traits, was maximum during all observation periods in the 3rd and especially in the 4th group, the peak values of which show that from March 18 to May 21 they can be used as families-educators and families of the control (1st group) and 2nd groups -from April 9 to May 21. It was revealed that the abundant secretion by the pharyngeal glands of milk sufficient for feeding 3-4 larvae in worker bees of 9 days of age in spring generation is carried out against the background of stimulating feeding with honey mead containing milk mixture "Nanny 2 with a prebiotic" or with sulphate cobalt with a degree of vitality of their glands in 3.98 points and 3.89 points, respectively (in control 3.74 points). The degree of development of the pharyngeal glands in overwintered workers of the autumn generation recorded in the range from 2.5 to 2.64 points shows that, as nursing bees, they can feed only one larva. To ensure the secretory function of the pharyngeal glands in the hemolymph of 9-day-old worker bees who are nursing bees, the level of lysine should be higher, in comparison with overwintered workers, by 2.37-2.79 times, histidine by 2.47-2.85 times, glycine -2.32-2.46 times.

Successful development of beekeeping, the increased number of beehives and apiaries, as well as high yields of honey and wax are possible only thanks to good and sustainable bee forage. The task of the study was to determine exactly species diversity of melliferous flora in different phytocenosis, to define honey productivity of plant formations in steppe zone of the river Don, bioresource potential and honey supply in different vegetative communities on forest fund lands, to develop the complex of measures, directed to rational and effective use of natural melliferous plants of forest lands. Species composition of nectar bearing vegetation on forest fund lands according to forest and non forest categories is determined. The northwestern part of the region is the richest one, there are more than 1200 plant species,and many of them are melliferous. The southeastern part is poorer in flora.As a result it is defined that there is a huge bioresource forest potential for honey yield in Rostov region. Approximate honey supply on forest fund lands is not less than 6468 tons and the number of beehives is about 54 thousand. One of the most perspective species for bee breeding is black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia).

The ability of the body to resist the impact of negative environmental factors, the impact of pathogens that bear the signs of someone else’s genetic information have been proven by many researchers. The main task of the body is to maintain homeostasis of the internal environment. In honeybees protective reactions include cellular and humoral immunity. The difference between insect immunity is the absence of a specific reaction characteristic of vertebrates, an antigen-antibody. The covers of the body wall, intestines and trachea are mechanical protection against the penetration of foreign organisms from the environment into the body cavity of the bee. If foreign objects get into the hemolymph they will become a target for cellular and humoral factors of the body’s defense system. It has been shown by studies that the inclusion of sugar syrup with Apinic drug in the composition of stimulating top dressing allows to increase the flight activity of bees, while increasing the amount of pollen brought by bees, increasing the load of nectar goiter, and improving hemolymph indicators, which in turn provide non-specific cellular immunity. At the same time, the indicators of flight activity and honey crop loads that provide economically useful traits were 2,2 and 2,5 times higher compared to the control group. The level of fl ight activity at the main honey collection was higher, compared to the same indicator recorded at the supporting honey collection. In accordance with the type of honey collection, the levels of load by the nectar honey goiter in worker bees arriving in the hive diff er. Thus, the maximum level of filling of the honey goiter with nectar has been registered on both types of honey collection in honeybees from the 3rd experimental group, where propolis extract has been used as an immunomodulator as part of the honey additive. Worker bees from the 3rd experimental group have been characterized by higher levels of both the volume of circulating hemolymph and the content of hemocytes and the amino acid proline in it.

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