Exposure to psychosocial stress is a risk factor for many diseases, including atherosclerosis1,2. While incompletely understood, interaction between the psyche and the immune system provides one potential mechanism linking stress and disease inception and progression. Known crosstalk between the brain and immune system includes the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which centrally drives glucocorticoid production in the adrenal cortex, and the sympathetic–adrenal–medullary axis, which controls stress–induced catecholamine release in support of the fight–or–flight reflex3,4. It remains unknown however if chronic stress changes hematopoietic stem cell activity. Here we show that stress increases proliferation of these most primitive progenitors, giving rise to higher levels of disease–promoting inflammatory leukocytes. We found that chronic stress induced monocytosis and neutrophilia in humans. While investigating the source of leukocytosis in mice, we discovered that stress activates upstream hematopoietic stem cells. Sympathetic nerve fibers release surplus noradrenaline, which uses the β3 adrenergic receptor to signal bone marrow niche cells to decrease CXCL12 levels. Consequently, elevated hematopoietic stem cell proliferation increases output of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. When atherosclerosis–prone ApoE−/− mice encounter chronic stress, accelerated hematopoiesis promotes plaque features associated with vulnerable lesions that cause myocardial infarction and stroke in humans.
Цель. Оценить клинико-экономическую эффективность организационной модели первичной профилактики ССЗ в коллективе мужчин железнодорож-ного транспорта. Материал и методы. Организационная модель первичной профилактики ССЗ (групповое профилактическое консультирование на рабочем месте и индивидуальное углубленное профилактическое консультирование в усло-виях поликлиники и реабилитационного центра локомотивного депо) реализо-вана в 1-й группе работников локомотивных бригад в 2010-2012гг; 2-я группа находилась под ежегодным медицинским наблюдением (диспансеризация и медицинская комиссия). Проводился мониторинг факторов риска и анализ заболеваемости с ВУТ по ССЗ; расчет прямых и непрямых затрат, ассоцииро-ванных с ССЗ; анализ затраты-эффективность. Результаты. На фоне реализации организационной модели первичной профилак-тики ССЗ в 1-й группе снизилась ВУТ по ССЗ на 32,8% случаев и на 34,6% дней, по СД -на 55,6% случаев; случаев ИБС не зарегистрировано; на 44,1% снизились общие затраты. За три года наблюдения во 2-й группе возросло число случаев ВУТ по ССЗ на 19,2%, дней -на 8,7%, вдвое увеличилась ВУТ по ИБС и по СД; произо-шел рост общих затрат на 24,3%. В 1-й группе в 1,6 раза снизилась частота курения, затраты на снижение этого пристрастия на 1% составили 10304,7 руб.; абдоми-нальное ожирение снизилось в 1,3 раза, затраты на достижение целевой окружно-сти талии у 1% составили 20310,7 руб.; гиперхолестеринемия встречалась в 1,8 раза реже, затраты на устранение этого фактора у 1% составили 8493,6 руб. на 100 работающих. Во 2-й группе частота курения снизилась на 4,7%, затраты на устра-нение данной привычки у 1% мужчин составили 107607,4 руб. на 100 работающих, что в 10,4 раза больше, чем в 1-й группе; частота абдоминального ожирения возро-сла на 5,5%, гиперхолестеринемии -на 4,7%. Заключение. Реализация организационной модели первичной профилактики ССЗ в коллективе работников железнодорожного транспорта в течение трех лет показала клинико-экономическую эффективность в отношении уменьше-ния частоты основных факторов риска, снижении ВУТ и общих затрат, ассоци-ированных с ССЗ. Российский кардиологический журнал 2014, 6 (110): 12-18Ключевые слова: клинико-экономическая эффективность, первичная про-филактика, работники железнодорожного транспорта. Aim. To study clinical and economic efficacy of the organisational model for primary prevention of CVD in men working at railway system. Material and methods. Organisational model for primary prevention of CVD (the group preventive consulting at the workplace and individualized profound prophylactic consulting in outpatient environment of locomotory depot rehabilitation centre) has been performed for the first group of locomotory teams in 2010-2012 y.; second group was under annual medical observation (screening and medical comission workout). The monitoring of risk factors and analysis of morbidity causing temporary disability (TD) by CVD; direct and indirect expenses calculation; expense-efficacy estimation.Results. On the background of organisational model for primary CVD preve...
Aim. To investigate the specific features of stress reactivity and diagnostic potential of psycho-emotional tests for identification of the patients with workplace arterial hypertension (WPAH). Material ad methods. The study included 197 patients with WPAH and 132 subjects with essential AH (EAH). All participants underwent blood pressure monitoring (BPM) during work and leisure hours and stress reactivity assessment (count test). Results. In WPAH and EAH patients, the count test resulted in increased systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) BP, and heart rate (HR) (р<0,001), which was an evidence of stress-related functional cardiovascular reaction. In subjects with new-onset WPAH, compared to EAH patients, the SBP and HR increases were greater by 7,9 mm Hg (р<0,005) and 4,3 bpm (р<0,001), respectively. In patients with long-term EAH, SBP increase was greater by 3,4 mm Hg (p=0,03), with a halved HR increase (p<0,001). In healthy controls and AH patients, the differences between baseline levels of SBP and DBP, peak levels during the count test, and BMP levels for work hours were comparable. Conclusion. The patients at early WPAH stages were characterized by increased cardiovascular reaction to acute induced psycho-emotional stress. At the later WPAH stages, BP reactivity was reduced. The cont test could be used as a screening tool in patients with undiagnosed WPAH.
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