The wound healing process is a multifaceted sequence of activities associated with tissue restoration. Novel approaches for the perfection of wound healing have been determined as a stitch in time saves nine. Dysregulation of the immune response is a key element in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases and serves as a potential target for novel therapeutic strategies. Vitamin B5 (VB5), also known as pantothenate or "anti-stress vitamin," is the precursor of coenzyme A, which is essential in every micro-organism. Many pantothenic acid amides acquire persuasive antimicrobial activity. Pantothenic acid improves surgical wounds healing with moisturizing and skin barrier enhancing potential. Its deficiency leads to reduced cortisol production, increased arthritic pain, myalgia, fatigue, headache, depression, insomnia, and widespread "proinflammatory" effects on the immune-system. VB5 triggers immune cells to produce cytokines and is multifunctional. The paradoxical effect of VB5 on the switch of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines has been revealed. This review aims to present the long research journey of B5 as it is becoming a forerunner in the healing of wounds and in enhancing the immune function, thus providing potentially important therapeutic implications. As its role in healing a wound stitch is promising, amending the immune system damage too is a hopeful target. KEYWORDSimmune system, pantothenic acid, rheumatic diseases, surgery, vitamin B5, wounds 2004;Pitari et al., 2000). Vanin-1 is highly expressed at gene and protein level in many organs, such as the liver, intestine, and kidney.Its major function is related to its pantetheinase activity; vanin-1 breaks down pantetheine in cysteamine and pantothenic acid, a

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The method presented is especially suitable for very large breasts with ptosis; however, excellent results are also achieved for all other degrees of ptosis, with very little modification in the procedure needed to suit different breast sizes and shapes. Most of the time we obtain a pleasing and attractive breast. This method rarely resulted in complications and never required a blood transfusion.

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Breast ptosis is a highly unattractive appearance of the breast. In the mind, it is associated with aging, multiple pregnancies, lactation, and senile changes. Its correction by mastopexy presents one of the greatest challenges to the breast surgeon aiming at a pleasant full conical shape and stability of the results. The authors present their mastopexy procedure using a triple-flap method based on the principle of a superior pedicle flap mammaplasty. The technique, presented in detail, basically consists of a superior pedicle dermaglandular flap that carries the nipple-areola complex between outer and inner flaps. The outer flap is rotated inward and upward behind the main superior pedicle to give fullness to the breast and fixed to the chest wall. The inner flap is double-breasted on top or superficial to outer flap, and both are sutured to each other resembling a hammock or a cradle that carries the main superior pedicle middle flap. The results are presented and advantages discussed. This method, besides its simplicity, gives good projection with a pleasant and attractive conical shape to the breast and upper fullness, frequently negating the need for an implant. In addition, the results were stable in the long term, with no need for a mesh or any other foreign material.