Se trata de un análisis de dos productos audiovisuales, ambos dirigidos por una mujer, Josefina Molina: Vera (1971) y Vera, un cuento cruel (1973). El primero de ellos es un capítulo de la serie de TVE2 la “Hora Once” y el segundo es un largometraje cinematográfico de ficción de la productora Etnos Films. Los dos textos han sido co-escritos por Josefina Molina. Estas dos producciones audiovisuales se basan libremente en el cuento “Vera” de Villiers de L´Isle-Adam. Vera, un cuento cruel es la única película de ficción española de cine de terror del tardofranquismo dirigida y escrita por mujeres. Supone la única aportación realizada por mujeres al género de lo fantástico y del terror en su momento de esplendor en España. Su análisis resulta realmente significativo para entender el cine español de esa época marcado por una fuerte misoginia tanto en el sistema de producción como en la temática de las obras.

Every day more people are using multifocal systems to correct presbyopia, as for example contact lenses or intraocular lenses. As a consequence, the necessity to do an appropriate characterization of their optical quality has increased. Due to this situation, the main purpose of this project has been to develop a new compact open-field double-pass system with asymmetric focus that characterizes objectively in vivo the optical quality of multifocal systems that are adapted or implanted in the eye. As a preliminary study, one diffractive and one refractive multifocal lens were implanted in a wet customized model-eye and characterized by this new setup. Regarding the asymmetric focus of the setup , a through-focus from +0.75 to-4.00D in steps of 0.25D was performed in the second pass for each tested lens,while the optical power of the first pass remained fixed. Results show that it is possible to distinguish, characterize the different foci of the measured multifocal intraocular lenses implanted in the model eye, and evaluate the optical quality of the system composed by the eye + the multifocal element. Therefore, it has been concluded that this new compact open-field double-pass system with asymmetric focus is suitable to evaluate the optical quality of multifocal systems adapted or implanted in the eye.