Earlier work at Texas A&M University led to the development of transmission line fault location algorithms that were based on synchronized sampling of the voltage and current data from the two ends of the line. The line models used in the algorithms were based on lumped parameter models for electrically short lines, or lossless distributed parameter models for electrically long lines. In this paper, the lossless line model is modified to account for the series losses in the line. The line model equations are then solved in the time domain to accurately locate the fault. Testing of the modified algorithm is performed on a power system belonging to the Western Area Power Administration. Extensive EMTP based simulations are used to generate data that are supplied as inputs to the fault location algorithm. To make the testing as realistic as possible, detailed models of instrument transformers are used in the simulation of the various fault cases.

This paper describes new design of a digital simulator for relay testing. The main siinulator feature is its capability to operate in both real-time and open-loop modes. In the real-time mode, the modeliing software used is the Real Time System (RTS) developed by Texas A&M University. In the open-loop mode, a standard Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) is used. A common Graiphical User Interface (GUI) is used for both operatiing modes. The main design features of the simulator are summarized in this paper.

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Determining fault location in power systems using the available measurements and models is an important task since it allows the maintenance crews to inspect the site where the fault may have occurred, inspect the equipment, make repairs, and allow the operators to restore the service. Our article examines the fault‐location background, offers an overview of the basics of fault‐location algorithms, and surveys approaches to determining transmission line model parameters first. We cover the fault‐location methods based on the measurements of the waveforms reflecting electromagnetic transients, phasors, and electromechanical transients. We finally discuss the algorithms based on a combination of physics‐ and data‐based methods used for determining fault location in distribution systems and reflect on the algorithms for predicting faults in both transmission and distribution systems. We summarize the state of the art and critical implementation issues at the end followed by a comprehensive set of references.