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Production of grain legumes is limiting by the usual array of pathogenic that affect plants. The present study was conducted during 2005/06, 2006/07 and 2007/08 seasons at Sakha Agricultural Research Station (SARS). A quantitative analysis were done by using six generations mating design between five faba bean parental genotypes namely; Rena Mora, Sakha1, Giza 3, Sakha 2 and T.W to produces three crosses namely; Rena Mora x Sakha1, Giza 3 x Rena Mora and Sakha 2 x T.W. The parental genotypes could be arranged in to three groups. The first group included; Rena Mora, Sakha 1 and Sakha 2 where it is considered as the most resistant group to chocolate spot and high yielding ability. The second group included Giza 3 which is moderate resistant to chocolate spot and the third group include T.W as susceptible genotypes with low yielding potentiality. The data revealed that, the parental genotypes and their crosses had the highest value of variation according to relation to chocolate spot reaction and maturity date. Heterosis over mid and better parent for all traits were highly significant except chocolate spot reaction in the two crosses; (Rena Mora x Sakha1) and (Sakha 2 x T.W.) relative to mid parents. And also, for no. of pods/plant in the cross; (Rena Mora x Sakha1) relative to better parent. Potence ratios were exceeded unity for most traits indicating over dominance. On the other hand, the values of this parameter were less than unity in the cross; (Sakha 2 x T.W.) for maturity date, no. of branches/plant, seed yield/plant(g), 100 seed weight and chocolate spot reaction, indicating partial dominance. The inbreeding depression estimates were highly positively significant for no. of pods/plant, no. of seeds/plant and seed yield/ plant(g) in the two crosses (Rena Mora x Sakha1) and (Giza 3 x Rena Mora). The additive type (a) was significant positive or negative values in all of crosses for all traits except in the cross; (Rena Mora x Sakha 1). For dominance effect (d) it was and higher in magnitude than that of additive type of gene effects. The additive x additive gene effect was highly positive significant in most crosses except in the cross; (Rena Mora x Sakha 1) for no. of branches/plant. However, highly significant positive epistatic gene action (ad) was observed in the first cross; (Rena Mora x Sakha 1) for no. of branches/plant, no. of pods/plant, no. of seeds/plant and chocolate spot reaction. Heritability values in broad-sense were generally higher than the corresponding values in narrow-sense in all crosses for all traits. The additive genes seems to play an important role of the inheritance of maturity date, no. of branches/plant, no. of pods/plant and chocolate spot reaction in the cross; Rena Mora x Sakha1, where the differences between broad and narrow-sense heritability were closest. The indirect selection in the progeny of the crosses; Rena Mora x Sakha 1 and Giza 3 x Rena Mora and direct selection in the progeny of the cross (Sakha 2 x T.W.) would be fruitful due to the high values of narrow-sense h...

Field experiments were carried out at Sids Research Station, Agricultural Research Center during 2016 and 2017seasons to determine the critical period of weed competition in pepper yield and study the effect of some pre-emergence herbicides on controlling weeds and its reflection on yield and its component of pepper. It could be concluded that some safe alternatives to mechanical weed control hand hoeing (twice), are the use of mulching by black polyethylene or reduced rate of pendimethalin (0.850 L.\fed) and butralin (1.25 L.\fed.) for weed control during the pepper crop to produce good fruit yield free from herbicidal residues. Mathematical models between weed-free duration periods were quadric 8.3 and 7.0 weeks from transplanting. The application of pendimethalin at 0.850 l.\feddan supplemented with one hand hoeing and black polyethylene mulch were the best treatments to reduce weed biomass, followed by hand hoeing twice and butralin at 1.25l.\feddan supplemented with one hand hoeing to face weed problem in critical period of weed competition and herbicidal residues in edible pepper fruits were below the maximum residue limit. The relationship between all characters were negatively and significant correlated with weed biomass and positive with pepper fruit yield in both seasons. Practical implications of this research are that planting pepper need weed management in 8 weeks from transplanting from weed competition which can be achieved by either the use of pendimethalin or butralin at a full recommended rates or followed by one hand hoeing or black polyethylene mulching to prevent early weed competition to pepper crop.

Governorate during 2009 & 2010 summer seasons to determine the critical period of weed competition between weeds and soybean crop through use of regression and economic approaches and also determine the relationship between weeds and soybean yield under three plant densities (105, 140 and 175 thousand plant/ fad.) and ten treatments in two types of treatments (in the first type soybean was hand weeded for different periods 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after sowing (W.A.S.) and for whole season ,then no further weeding was done while, in the second type weeds were allowed to grow for different periods at 3, 6, 9 (W.A.S.) until harvest the weeds were removed by hand-weeded and weed competition treatment for whole season on seed yield of soybean and associated weeds. The main results showed that, maximum yield losses of soybean due to weed competition in the whole season were 37.6 and 34.4 % from weed free treatments in 2009 and 2010 seasons. Mathematical model for the relationship between weed free and weed competition periods according to the recommended losing yield value (10), clear that critical period of weed competition under 105 thousand plants density/fad., were (6.5 and 7.0) weeks for weed free as well as (4.25 and 4.25) for weed competition in 2009 and 2010 seasons, respectively. Under 140 thousand plant density the respective values were (6.2 and 6.3) weeks for weed free as well as (3.9 and 4.2) for weed competition and for 175 thousand plant density were (5.9 and 5.6) weeks for weed free as well as (3.5 and4.15) weeks for weed competition in 2009 and 2010 seasons, respectively. The critical period of weed treatments over plant densities were (6.45 and 6.4) weeks for weed free as well as (4.9 and 4.65) weeks for weed competition in 2009 and 2010 seasons, respectively. All weed competition exerted significant efficiency in controlling annual weeds. Weed free for the whole season treatment gave the best control for annual weeds gave the highest values of yield and yield components in two seasons. The sowing 175000 plant/fad. gave the lowest weight for dry weight for annual weeds and the tallest plants in first and second seasons. 105000 plant/fad., gave the best values of No. of branches and seed weight/plant in the first and second seasons. 140000 plant/fad., gave the highest value of No. of seed pod, weight of 100 seed and yield ton/fad. in the two seasons. Plots weeded at 3 and 6 week after sowing showed the best performance in all aspects of soybean. Such knowledge should be disseminated to farmers to keep soybean yield losses of weed competition to maintain maximum soybean seed yield. This study showed that negative correlation for annual weed weight and all studied characters under study.