These results suggest an intravenous bolus of fentanyl of 1 µg/kg for medical patients or 1.5 µg/kg for surgical patients reduces the incidence of turning-associated pain in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT 01950000.

If pre-emptive fentanyl is more effective than placebo and reasonably safe, the results of the current study may change nursing attitude in managing turning in critically ill patients. As a consequence, pain may be decreased during this nursing procedure.

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