model selection, health states, hypotheses, survival analysis, clinical data sources and the treatment of uncertainty. Results: Twelve economic evaluations in oncology were submitted to NICE by pharmaceuticals companies (PC) between 2013 and 2015. Seven PC submitted a MCM, two a PSM, two a semi-markov partitioned survival model, and one a semi-markov model (SMM). Differences between modeling techniques were classified into four items: clinical data sources (e.g. published aggregated data for MCM and limited IPD for PSM), structure (e.g calculation of transition probabilities for MCM), hypotheses (e.g. same transition probability of death between two health states for MCM), flexibility of the model (e.g. access to patient level data for comparators required in PSM). ConClusions: Being a more flexible modeling technique, Markov models remain more frequently used compared to PSM. Nevertheless, PSM represent a more straightforward option when patient level data are available but are inappropriate when such data are not accessible for comparators. PRM124 Physicians' choice as a coMPaRatoR in clinical tRials: challenges foR PhaRMacoeconoMic Modelling of innovative tReatMents to suPPoRt health technology assessMents

associated with long-term mOCS use, and to quantify the cost and QALY burden of these events. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken to identify any studies reporting adverse event risk due to mOCS treatment. Seventy-two (72) studies were identified. The review focussed on eight disease outcomes representing the bulk of the mOCS cost and QALY burden: type II diabetes, myocardial infarction, glaucoma, cataract, ulcer, osteoporosis, infection, and stroke. A risk estimate for each adverse event was selected, based on the daily dose and mOCS exposure that best represented asthma-related mOCS use in Australian clinical practice. The excess risk of each complication in patients receiving mOCS, relative to those patients not receiving mOCS, was applied to the annual cost and QALY burden of each event in the Australian population. The cost and QALY burden attributable to mOCS was estimated on a per patient per year basis. Results: The expected annual cost of mOCS-related disease outcomes was estimated to be $598.32 per patient per year. Each patient treated with mOCS also suffers a QALY loss of 0.0367 per year of treatment. These effects are considered reversible once patients stop taking mOCS. ConClusions: mOCS are associated with a clear cost and QALY burden for patients with severe asthma which is likely underestimated by the approach adopted in this study. These results are likely to be useful for economic evaluations of new asthma interventions which replace or delay mOCS.

The most common area of NICE appeals is oncology followed by rheumatology and respiratory diseases. More than 50% of the total appeals were lodged in oncology in which 30% were breast cancer. The majority of the appeals identified were dismissed by the appeal panel on all grounds submitted, whilst approximately a third of the appeals were upheld on individual points. ConClusions: The majority of appeals submitted to NICE have been rejected by the appeal panel on all grounds. This study has only summarized outcomes from NICE appeals, further analysis is required to assess factors that influence whether appeals are upheld.

Oman enacted the Law of Arbitration in Civil & Commercial Disputes in 1997. It is along the lines of the UNCITRAL Model Law as then adopted in Egypt. The res judicata status of arbitral awards is formally recognised in this law. It sets out the conditions and procedure for the issue by the courts of an order for the enforcement of awards. As regards foreign awards, the Civil & Commercial Procedure Law provides for them to be assimilated to domestic awards for enforcement purposes, so long as certain conditions are satisfied, including a condition as to reciprocal treatment. This however is without prejudice to Oman's obligation to allow enforcement under international agreements. The main multilateral agreements to which Oman is party are: the New York Convention, the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council Convention, the Riyadh Convention, and the ICSID Convention; and there are also a number of bilateral agreements.

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