The first method of the examination for suspected urolithiasis in children is ultrasound (US) diagnosis, allowing with the high accuracy to identify concrements of 5 mm or more, as hyperechoic signals in organs of the urinary system. However, the diagnostic accuracy is reduced in the presence of smaller stones, it can also be a lot of small structures, not associated with calculi. There are described ultrasound signs of the differentiation between the stones and not associated with them structures in the kidneys in children with various forms of pathology. A common feature of these structures is the absence of distal «shadow» in the study, even in examination with the help of high-frequency transducers. There are also shown some artifacts of both vascular and non-vascular origin which in the case of a small size resemble concrements. Therefore it is possible to use color Doppler. The authors emphasize the importance of other research methods, indicating that the data of the ultrasound examination results are inconclusive. An alternative method is computed tomography of kidneys.