The main questions of the study: 1) is there any difference in anatomical features between subtypes C1 and C2 of high hip dislocation by Hartofolakidis classification; 2) are the conditions for performing the THA different and what are the surgical decisions; 3) what are the THA results in different groups? Materials and Methods. In a single center study the authors retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of 561 THAs performed in 349 patients with a high hip dislocation including 32 men (9.2%) and 317 women (90.8%) with the follow up from 12 to 188 months (average 69,4 months). In 326 cases (58.1%) the dislocation was assessed as type C1, and in 235 cases (41.9%) — as type C2. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 47.6 (19 to 74) years, for men — 39.1 years and 48.1 years for women. Results. Paavilainen shortening osteotomy was performed in 100% of patients with type C2 and only in 50.6% of patients with type C1, p<0.001. The cup was implanted into the true acetabulum cavity in 99.1% of cases with type C2, and for type C1 only in 69.0% of cases, p<0.001. Lateral under-coverage of the cup in patients with type C2 required supplementing by femoral head autograft only in three cases, and for type C1 — in 18 patients, p = 0.009. In the group of C2, the mean length of the osteotomized fragment of the proximal femur was 78.6 mm compared to 62.5 mm in patients with type C1. This provided a better contact area between the greater trochanter and the femur and in 92.8% of cases fixation was done by cerclage wires and two screws. In the group of patients with type C1, this option was feasible only in 60.0% of cases. Odds ratio (OR) for fixation of the greater trochanter by a special plate for primary indications in patients with type C1 were 10 367, p = 0.008. Harris Hip score improved averaged from 39.5 points to 83.6, without statistically significant differences between groups of C1 and C2. Early complications included 9 dislocations (1.6%), 8 cases of femoral nerve neuropathy (1.4%) and 3 early infections (0.5%). No cases of sciatic nerve paresis were observed. Non-union of the greater trochanter was observed with almost equal frequency in patients with C1 and C2 types, and revision fixation was needed in 27 patients (6.8%). Revision arthroplasty was performed in 22 cases (3.9%) due to 4 infections, 2 aseptic loosening of the stem, 11 aseptic loosening of the acetabular component and 5 recurrent dislocations. Conclusion. The group of patients with high hip dislocation is very heterogenic in terms of severity of anatomical changes and demands different surgical tactics. Hartofolakidis classification helps the surgeon to select the best type of the surgical procedure, minimize the mistakes and predict treatment outcomes.
Isolated fractures of the greater trochanter based on the sources of specialized literature on the subject are extremely rare. However, methods for fixing the greater trochanter are actively developed in connection with the use of various versions of trochanteric osteotomies in the surgical treatment of the dysplastic hip joint. In this article, the anatomical features of the proximal femur, development of the ideas of reattachment of the greater trochanter in the course of total hip arthroplasty, as well as the current state of the problem, were examined. Until recently, patches were used that were fixed to the thigh using the aid of wires for osteosynthesis of a large trochanter. In 2009, studies initially reported on the use of locking plates for osteosynthesis of the trochanter in total hip arthroplasty. Currently, greater trochanter fixation by locking plates shows the best results as previous fixation devices. However, patients sometimes experience greater trochanter pain syndrome after fixation fragment by plates. The analysis of the published works confirmed the relevance of the search for a new more advanced technique and a device for the reattachment of the greater trochanter to the femur in the surgical treatment of the dysplastic hip joint.
В данной статье мы представляем результат и метод лечения нестабильного чрезвертельного перелома бедренной кости на примере пациентки 72 лет, который может быть использован у пациентов пожилой и старческой возрастной группы. Предлагаемые нами план и хирургическая техника лечения данной группы клинических случаев обоснованы с точки зрения особенностей эндопротезирования в условиях скомпрометированной целостности бедренной кости, в частности в 1-й и 7-й зонах Gruen, и представляют наше видение решения проблем с установкой и фиксацией компонентов эндопротеза. Выбор длинных ножек, фиксация серкляжем и использование цементных систем позволяют достичь удовлетворительной степени стабильности эндопротеза, потенциально уменьшив количество осложнений по сравнению с использованием систем интрамедуллярной фиксации, связанных как с ранним послеоперационным периодом, так и с периодом реабилитации, позволяя достичь хороших функциональных результатов и качества жизни пациентов. Использование эндопротезирования как метода выбора в данной клинической ситуации требовательно к хирургической технике. Сложности, которые могут возникнуть при установке бедренного компонента, влияют на выбор многих хирургов, склоняя в сторону методик интрамедуллярной фиксации, одновременно отсекая возможность эндопротезирования, которое, однако, при соблюдении определенных технических приемов позволяет достичь хороших результатов и ранней активизации. Ключевые слова: эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава, переломы шейки двойная мобильность, интромедуллярные стержни
П роведено подробное морфологическое описание проксимального конца бедренной кости с признаками патологических изменений. Изучена частота встречаемости отклонений от анатомической нормы и предложена классификация данных отклонений в зависимости от степени искажения признаков, используемых при идентификации личности по костным останкам. Дана оценка патологическим изменениям кости как индивидуальным признакам личности. Ключевые слова: бедренная кость, патологические изменения, идентификация личности.
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