The aim of the study is to analyze the accumulated data on the study of forest territories of the border regions of the Bryansk region that have been exposed to radioactive contamination for their involvement in economic activity, as well as the possible transfer of radioactive materials in forest fires. The area of recorded and unaccounted forests was estimated according to the “Forest Plan of the Bryansk Region for the period 2019-2028” and the results of the analysis of remote sensing data of the earth, the assessment of radiation pollution – according to the radiation surveys of the forest fund and radioecological monitoring of forests, assessment of cesium-137 content – according to radiation monitoring. In the course of the work, the dynamics of the transition of forests from the range of a high level of radioactive contamination to lower ones from 1991 to 2018 slightly changes the total area of contaminated forests by regions was revealed. Top-level values of cesium-137 content in the main types of forest combustible materials, which a dangerous factor is contributing to a significant increase in the content of radiocesium in atmospheric air and the transfer of radionuclides beyond the limits of radioactive contamination zones in a forest fire. The most radiation-hazardous is the forest litter, which contains more than 70% of the total cesium-137 reserve in forest combustible materials, the values of which reach values of 224 kBq / kg in the Krasnogorsk district of the Bryansk region. The obtained forecast of cesium-137 content in the forest litter by the zones of radioactive contamination of forests in the most polluted areas of the Bryansk region for the period up to 2046 indicates the preservation of a high degree of radioactive contamination of forests in the Krasnogorsk and Novozybkovsky districts after more than 60 years after the Chernobyl accident power plants. Due to the high class of natural fire hazard of forests in the south-west of the Bryansk region and the high risk of fires in contaminated areas, it is necessary to assess the degree of danger in the prevention and suppression of radioactive forest fires, especially criterion of the absorbed dose for workers in order to avoid the deterministic effect.

The article deals with the problem of radioactive forest fires. Authors noted a need to clarify the qualification criteria of forest fires as radioactive and creating their classification. As a criterion for the hazard of radioactive forest fires, the parameters of the minimum significant activity (MSA) and the minimum significant specific activity (MSSA) in forest fuel (combustible) materials (forest litter) for cesium-137 are used, as applied to the fire edge. An approach is proposed for classifying radioactive forest fires on the basis of data on the density of radioactive contamination of forest areas and types of forest conditions. A variant of the scale of categories of radioactively contaminated forest sites and radioactive forest fires (the hazard levels for the prevention and extinguishing radioactive forest fires) is proposed.

В статье рассматривается новый подход к изучению влияния радиоактивного загрязнения на развитие очагов вредных организмов в лесных экосистемах. Дается краткий обзор материалов по исследованиям санитарного состояния загрязненных лесов и воздействия ионизирующих излучений на вредные организмы. Предлагается использование методологического подхода оценки влияния радиоактивного загрязнения на возникновение и развитие очагов вредителей и болезней леса на основе статистического анализа больших выборок с использованием многолетних данных лесопатологических и радиационных обследований. Показано наличие влияния радиационного фактора на возникновение очагов вредных организмов. Установлено, что связь радиоактивного загрязнения с возникновением и развитием очагов может носить нелинейный и разнонаправленный характер в зависимости от вида патогена и уровней радиоактивного загрязнения. Приведены примеры влияния радиоактивного загрязнения цезием-137 чернобыльского происхождения на формирование очагов смоляного рака сосны (Peridermium pini (Willd.) Kleb.), корневой губки (Heterobasidion annosum Fr.), рыжего соснового пилильщика (Neodiprion sertifer Geoffr). Выдвинуто предположение, что радиационный фактор оказывает значимое влияние на формирование очагов вредных организмов и реализуется через комплексное воздействие, включающее прямое влияние ионизирующего излучения на организм и популяцию патогена; косвенное влияние через воздействие излучения на другие виды лесных экосистем и их связи; влияние через изменения режима хозяйственной деятельности, связанные с условиями радиоактивного загрязнения. Предложено выделить подобные исследования в новое направление радиационной экологии леса-радиационную лесопатологию. Ключевые слова: радиоактивное загрязнение лесов, радиоэкология, радиационная лесопатология, защита леса, лесозащитные мероприятия, лесопатологический мониторинг, радиационный мониторинг лесов

Since the system of radiation control in forestry was formed even before the mass introduction of information technologies, data processing in radiation monitoring retains the approaches conditioned by the traditional, paper-based document management. The aim of this project is to develop a unified automated system for collection, control and analysis of data from radiation monitoring of forests in the Russian Federation. The system is based on the use of the unified software ‘SpectraLineBG’ for spectrometric devices, on the creation of a cloud data storage server, and the development of a software environment for storing and processing of the obtained material. The system allows to check the accuracy of all the obtained results of measurements and to make their subsequent correction. The described method of data collection is universal for spectrometric studies and can be used not only in forestry, but also in any organization involved in radiation control of the environment. Using the accumulated material, the system allows to analyze the distribution and the dynamics of radionuclides in space and time, to calculate the coefficients of the transition of radionuclides from soil to vegetation for one or more species in different areas.