Аннотация. Статья посвящена анализу использования гражданскими потребителями глобальных навигационных спутниковых систем (ГНСС). Особое внимание уделено высокоточному позиционированию с использованием функциональных дополнений ГНСС и фазовых измерений. Приводятся обобщенные требования крупных российских компаний к высокоточной навигаци-онной аппаратуре потребителя (НАП) ГНСС. Проведено сравнение навигационных приемников, способных выдавать «сырые» фазовые измерения. Отмечены основные тенденции в развитии современной НАП. Предложен концептуальный подход к раз-работке высокоточной отечественной НАП. e-mail: ntcsmou@rniikp.ru, oleg.nesterov@mail.ru, m.spacecorp@gmail.com Abstract. The analysis of using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for civilian purposes is described in this article. High-precision positioning using augmentation systems for GNSS and raw phase measurement are specially noted. The general requirements of large Russian companies to the high-precision consumer navigation equipment (CNE) are given. Moreover, comparison of the navigation receivers providing raw phase measurements is carried out. The current tendencies in development of the modern CNE are considered. The conceptual approach to the development of the Russian high-precision navigation equipment is proposed.

Taking into account the increasing number of spacecraft the further development of the Russian ground-based control systems (GCS) for Earth remote sensing spacecraft requires new approaches to solving the problems of increasing the efficiency and global control of these spacecraft. The paper considers the possibility of creating a unified ERS GCS (ERS UGCS), including the existing ERS GCS and providing control capabilities for promising, newly created ERS SC. As part of the ERS UGCS, a single control center should be created that provides modeling, planning, analysis and control of future and existing spacecraft constellations and ground-based facilities. Using international experience in managing multi-satellite constellations and implementing our own experience in creating special software for the control centers, for new spacecraft constellations, it is proposed to automate the tasks of a typical regular control cycle, automate periodic maintenance operations of the spacecraft and localize emergency situations. With the aim of automating control processes, the creation of a digital mathematical model of the orbital constellation and ground-based facilities is also proposed for Russian remote sensing constellations. A model that takes into account and describes the spatio-temporal position of the spacecraft constellations, the location of the GCS, ground based data receiving processing and distribution complexes, multifunctional relay stations (MFRS), their technical condition, composition and performance should form the basis for the implementation of end-to-end planning of the main control operations and the targeted use of multi-satellite constellations.

The article analyzes the evolution of telemetry, tracking and control (TT&C) for spacecraft in recent decades. It shows that the main problems in the development of domestic ground stations of TT&C are related to unification, overcoming departmental interests, import substitution, and ensuring information security. The ways to solve these problems are proposed. A block diagram of a ground station of TT&C capable of providing control of the main existing and prospective near-Earth satellites in their assigned frequency ranges is presented. The purpose of the development of domestic ground stations of TT&C in the coming years should be to ensure sustainable operational and safe control of an increasing number of spacecraft while reducing the development time and costs of their creation and operation.