Four cycles of HER-TC may be a NAC option for HER2-positive breast cancer.

NOX1/NADPH oxidase, a nonphagocytic isoform of reactive oxygen species-producing enzymes, is highly expressed in the colon, but the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of this isoform are not fully understood. The present study investigated the role of NOX1 in the development of colonic inflammation in a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced murine colitis model. Intrarectal injection of TNBS caused severe colitis accompanied by body weight loss, diarrhea, and increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, the severity of colitis was significantly attenuated in NOX1-deficient (NOX1KO) mice (the inhibitions of macroscopic damage score, body weight loss, diarrhea score, and MPO activity were 73.1%, 36.8%, 83.3%, and 98.4%, respectively). TNBS-induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-1b), chemokines (CXCL1 and CXLC2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also significantly less in NOX1KO than in WT mice (the inhibitions were 100.8%, 89.0%, 63.5%, 96.7%, and 97.1%, respectively). Expression of NOX1 mRNA was detected not only in the lamina propria but also in peritoneal macrophages isolated from WT mice. Increased expression of TNF-a, IL-1b, and iNOS in peritoneal macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide was significantly attenuated in macrophages isolated from NOX1KO mice (68.1%, 67.0%, and 79.3% inhibition, respectively). These findings suggest that NOX1/NADPH oxidase plays an important role in the pathogenesis of TNBS-induced colonic inflammation via upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and iNOS. NOX1 in colonic macrophages may become a potential target in pharmacologic intervention for inflammatory bowel disease.

The patients who exhibit clustered microcysts with MG findings (mass, focal asymmetry, coarse heterogeneous calcifications and fine pleomorphic calcifications) appear to require biopsy.

Myoid hamartomas of the breast are extremely rare breast lesions, with a poorly understood pathogenesis. We describe the case of a 38-year-old premenopausal woman who presenting with a mass in the left breast. Mammography revealed an oval mass that was partly indistinct, and ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass with a slightly irregular margin. Bilateral breast dynamic magnetic resonance imaging was performed for a more detailed evaluation. The images showed rapid initial enhancement and a microlobulated margin. Because the suspicion of malignancy was strong at that time, core needle biopsy was performed. Histologically, the tumor was identified as fibroadenoma. A case of myoid hamartoma of the breast that proved difficult to diagnose is reported, and discussed with reference to the literature.

There is no standard for the awareness of standing posture in stabilometry, yet little research addressing the matter has been carried out. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of different instructional sets during a test on stabilometry. Stabilometry was performed on 349 male subjects. Two different instructions were prepared for the subjects regarding the awareness of their standing posture. These instructions were a) “Please relax when you stand” (R-standing), and b) “Please make an effort to minimize your body sway” (E-standing). Subjects were classified into four groups according to the combination of these instructions they received. For the five body sway parameters, a comparison between R-standing and E-standing was performed, controlling for possible confounders such as age, height, body weight, educational history, alcohol consumption, and smoking status. The sway length in E-standing was larger than that in R-standing, even after the adjustment for possible confounders. Our results indicate that the difference in the instructional set caused a significant measurement bias. Thorough-going unification of instructions for the stabilometry should be recommended when stabilometry is performed in an epidemiological investigation.