Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by atrophy or absence of elastic fibers and thinning of smooth muscle layer in the trachea and main bronchi. These airways are thus flaccid and markedly dilated on inspiration and collapsed on expiration. First- to fourth-order bronchi are affected. There is an increase in dead space, tidal volume and diminished clearing of secretions. The usual presentation is recurrent respiratory tract infections with a broad spectrum of functional impairment ranging from minimal disease with preservation of lung function to severe disease in the form of bronchiectasis, emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, ultimately culminating in respiratory failure and death. A congenital connective tissue weakness, in combination with inhalation of irritants like cigarette smoke and air pollution, are raised as possible factors in the development of this syndrome. Eight cases of tracheobronchomegaly with its associated complications are reported. Computed tomography scan of the chest was used for the diagnosis of tracheobronchomegaly. Treatment is mainly supportive with chest physiotherapy and antibiotics; however, there are a few reported cases where insertion of a tracheal stent resulted in some success.

COVID-19 is a novel virus which causes a variety of clinical manifestations in the body some of which are still yet to be discovered. The main aim of our study is to highlight the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 as it is still new to the medical world and to emphasize the fact that the physicians have to be vary of the possibility that patients affected with COVID-19 can present with encephalitis. Only a few studies are available so far regarding the neurological manifestations of this novel virus which highlights the need of this study. We present a case series of four patients who were found to have COVID-19 encephalitis. There is still no disease defining test for diagnosis so the mainstay of diagnosis is exclusion of all the common causes of encephalitis. Brain MRI and CSF analysis performs an ancillary in the diagnostic tools. Our study also supports the use of IV Tocilizumab (4-8 mg/kg) and IV methylprednisolone (0.5-2 mg/kg) as possible treatment options with good results as the patients described in our case series responded well to these medications.