No abstract

Phytochemicals are compounds derived from plants that are assumed to have defensive role against certain disease. They have antioxidants, anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antithrombic and anti-inflammatory properties. They have a high specificity to boost the immune system and play important role in the metabolism of hormones. The current study is based on qualitative and quantitative evaluation of total phenolics contents, phenolic compounds, antioxidant potential, free and bound phenolic acids in selected vegetables available at the local market of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Two different extraction procedures ultrasonic-assisted base hydrolysis extraction and sonication extraction were used. Total 13 phenolic compounds were found and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in which Ferulic acid was quantified in a higher amount of 16.71 mg/g in bitter gourd. Total phenolic contents were determined by using Perklin-Elmer lambda UV/Visible spectrophotometer and higher concentration was found in Bitter gourd 92.56 mg 100/g as compared to Luffa and Brinjal with 79.03 and 66.56 mg 100/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) was measured at ?max of 517 nm, results revealed that Bitter gourd possessed the higher antioxidant activity with 182.61 µMol/g followed by Luffa and Brinjal with 112.94 and 82.96 µMol/g. The total Flavonoid contents were higher in Brinjal with 44.32 mg g-1 whereas Luffa and Bitter gourd possess the Flavonoid concentration in the range 38.02 and 34.64mg g-1 respectively, the total tannin contents also higher in Brinjal 31.40 mg/g follwed by in Luffa and Bitter gourd with 25.17 and 21.19 mg/g respectively. Antimicrobial activity showed that, all the extracts are the highly effective against S. aureus as compared to E. coli. Finally, it is concluded that all the selected vegetables are very good sources of Phenolic compounds as well as phytochemicals and should be included in the daily human diet for good health. On the basis of obtained results, it is also suggested that these samples will be further investigated for the determination of fatty acids by GC-MS and liquid chromatography-mass spectrum (LC-MS).

Objective: To assess the frequency of renal stones in the patient suffering from urinary tract infection (UTI) Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Northwest General Hospital Peshawar from June 2021 to June 2022 Methodology: A total of 115 patients with the symptoms of recurrent urinary tract infection were included in the study. Those patients who had a positive history of upper and lower urinary tract stones, renal tumors, already present renal calculi, and patients with renal failure, were not added to the present study. A specially designed proforma was filled out by all the patients so that the required data could be acquired and analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.1±15.2 years ranging from 15 years to 60 years. Urinary tract infection was confirmed in 92 (80%) patients. The most prevalent organism detected on urine culture was E.Coli (29%). Some of the other organisms majorly detected were Proteus (18%), Pseudomonas (8%), Klebsiella (10%), and Staphylococcus aureus (4%). The renal stone disease was found in 18 (19.56%) patients out of which 12 (13.04%) were male and 6 (6.52%) were female. The mean age of the patients presented with renal stones was 32.65±15.3 years. The male-to-female ratio of the patients with renal stones was 1.5:1. Conclusion: A large number of patients with urinary tract infections can develop the renal stone disease. Certain microorganisms are significant in this progression and resulting in renal stones. Keywords:Urinary tract infection, renal stone disease, Microorganisms, E.Coli

Aim: To compare between Tamsulosin and Tadalafil versus Tamsulosin alone to treat Lower Ureteric Stones through Medical Expulsive Therapy Study design: Comparative study Place and duration: This study was done at Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical college hospital Sukkur, Pakistan from February 2021 to July 2021. Methodology: This study was carried our in our institute for 6 months. Patients that were having stones of 5mm to 10mn were included in the study, because these stones are detected easily through CT scans and ultrasound. Patients were randomly divided into two groups each containing 86 persons. Prescription of tamsulosin of 0.3 mg and tadalafil of 8 mg was given to group A patients and 0.3mg, tamsulosin was prescribed to group B Results: The stone expulsion rate was 78.0% in group A and 61.5% in group B. The stone passage time was 1.55 vs. 2.22 weeks in group B. In 45 patients there was no stone expulsion at the end of 3rd week of treatment. So these patients were treated with laser lithotripsy. A comparison study of two groups showed that group B has more episodes of flatulent pain than group A. The average need for analgesia was more in group B than group A. Conclusion: It is found from this study that tamsulosin alone is less effective than tamsulosin and tadalafil combination therapy and they both give fewer emergency room visits and require less pain killers for the treatment of 5mm and 10mm ureteric stones.