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Semiconductor-based photocatalytic systems have found widespread use in environmental pollution cleanup and renewable energy production. In this study, we synthesized WO3 as a catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue, a thiazine dye, which was used in the previous work. The hydrothermal process is used to create WO3 nanoparticles, which are made from sodium tungstate. When it comes to confirming the nanoparticles, many characterization techniques are employed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrometer (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission–scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The existence of monoclinic crystalline structure is shown by XRD, with the average crystalline size being around 34 nm. FTIR confirms the presence of metal oxides. The pellucid absorption extremity in the UV-Vis region corresponds to the rudimentary absorption of the WO3 semiconductor. FE-SEM confirms square-shaped nanoplates with EDX address the occurrence of elemental tungsten. The photocatalytic activity of WO3 nanoparticles against methylene blue is taken for at different intervals of time that confirms MB’s degradation. Our present work suggests that prepared nanoparticles should be potential for photocatalysts using various industrial dyes.

Because biofuels are ecologically beneficial and might possibly lessen global warming, many academics are interested in studying them. Nanoparticles have been added to biodiesel to improve its performance as well as emissions. Diesel engine that operates on waste cooking oil biodiesel is the subject of the present research, which evaluates the impact of MgO nanoadditives on performance and emissions. Transesterification was done to convert waste cooking oil biodiesel into methyl ester. In the present study, SEM (scanning electron microscope), TEM (transmission electron microscope), and EDX spectroscopy are used for investigation of nanoadditives. The sample contained biodiesel blends with and without nanomagnesium oxide, as well as a combination of the two. According to the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), the biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil met all fuel standards. The results of the testing were obtained by running a single-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine under a variety of loads. Using SEM analysis, the diameter of nanoparticles is found to be 20 nm to 38 nm. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles have been shown to include the elements oxygen, iron sulphide, silicon dioxide, and sodium. Oxygen accounted for about 50.74 percent of the samples, magnesium accounted for 45.36 percent, silicon dioxide accounted for 3.24 percent, and sodium accounted for 0.66 percent using EDX spectra. Magnesium oxide develops in unique shapes, with diameters varying from 9.24 to 14.94 nm, as seen in the TEM picture. An investigation found that B20 using 100 ppm MgO nanoparticles increases BTE (brake thermal efficiency) by 2.1 percent while simultaneously reducing SFC (specific fuel consumption) which was found to be ranging from 0.54 to 0.38 kg/kWh, respectively. B20 nanoparticles were used to reduce the amount of HC, CO, and smoke emitted by engines.

Generally, solar dryer cabinets are made up of sheet metals that are heavy, costly, tend to rust over time, and possess the high heat rate to the outer atmosphere. In order to overcome these drawbacks, this research urges to develop a natural fiber reinforced polymer-based cabinet dryer, specially designed and fabricated for the purpose of solar drying. Nylon is used as the matrix material and Prosopis juliflora in particulate form is used as the natural fiber reinforcement. The dryer cabinet was designed at industrial scale to dry 5 kg of ginger at a single setting. This work also studies the efficiency of the polymer composite cabinet integrated with a flat plate solar collector system that is coated with copper and black chrome attached to corrugated fins in between the absorber plate and storage medium. The FRP chamber was compartmented in its interior with aluminium perforated sheets and experimentation was performed to determine the efficiency of the composite cabinet based on reduction of heat loss from the system. The performance of the coating, storage medium materials, and overall storage efficiency were also studied. The FRP cabinet resulted in a moisture level less than 8.5% within 4–7 days. Exergy studies showed 75% efficiency and energy studies gave 25.5 kJ/kg peak readings of drying efficiency for a period ranging between 11 and 12 hours. This was a 75% increment in energy efficiency. Thermal degradation of the FRP material was found to be stable up to 300°C. The overall weight of the constructed polymer cabinet was 25% lesser than the conventional systems.