One of the most significant and value added End of Life (EoL) recovery strategy in the circular economy is remanufacturing which retains the form, functionality and performance of the assemblies and structures through recovery and restoration. In the marine industry, remanufacturing is still at its infancy however there is a huge potential in implementing remanufacturing. In safety-critical industry such as marine, designing products for remanufacturing has to be integrated with reliability and safety design aspects since products and assemblies are used in a long life cycle whilst subjected to harsh environmental conditions. This paper discusses issues on Design for Remanufacturing (DfRem) and provides an insight into how remanufacturing plays a significant role in enhancing reliability and safety during the extended life cycle of marine products and assemblies, thus enabling the marine industry to contribute significantly towards the circular economy.

No abstract

No abstract

Problem statement:The use of fracture mechanics techniques in the assessment of performance and reliability of structure is on increase and the prediction of crack propagation in structure play important part. The finite element method is widely used for the evaluation of SIF for various types of crack configurations. Source code program of two-dimensional finite element model had been developed, to demonstrate the capability and its limitations, in predicting the crack propagation trajectory and the SIF values under linear elastic fracture analysis. Approach: Two different geometries were used on this finite element model in order, to analyze the reliability of this program on the crack propagation in linear and nonlinear elastic fracture mechanics. These geometries were namely; a rectangular plate with crack emanating from square-hole and Double Edge Notched Plate (DENT). Where, both geometries are in tensile loading and under mode I conditions. In addition, the source code program of this model was written by FORTRAN language. Therefore, a Displacement Extrapolation Technique (DET) was employed particularly, to predict the crack propagations directions and to, calculate the Stress Intensity Factors (SIFs). Furthermore, the mesh for the finite elements was the unstructured type; generated using the advancing front method. And, the global h-type adaptive mesh was adopted based on the norm stress error estimator. While, the quarterpoint singular elements were uniformly generated around the crack tip in the form of a rosette. Moreover, make a comparison between this current study with other relevant and published research study. Results: The application of the source code program of 2-D finite element model showed a significant result on linear elastic fracture mechanics. Based on the findings of the two different geometries from the current study, the result showed a good agreement. And, it seems like very close compare to the other published results. Conclusion: A developed a source program of finite element model showed that is capable of demonstrating the SIF evaluation and the crack path direction satisfactorily. Therefore, the numerical finite element analysis with displacement extrapolation method, had been successfully employed for linear-elastic fracture mechanics problems.

AbstractsThis study was conducted to determine the objectivity, reliability and validity of the 90º push-ups test protocol among male and female students of Sports Science Program, Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching Sultan Idris University of Education. Samples (n = 300), consisted of males (n = 168) and females (n = 132) students were randomly selected for this study. Researchers tested the 90º push-ups on the sample twice in a single trial, test and re-test protocol in the bench press test. Pearson-Product Moment Correlation method's was used to determine the value of objectivity, reliability and validity testing. The findings showed that the 90 0 push-ups test protocol showed high consistency between the two testers with a value of r = .99. Likewise, The reliability value between test and re-test for the 90º push-ups test for the male (r=.93) and female (r=.93) students was also high. The results showed a correlation between 90º push-ups test and bench press test for boys was r = .64 and girls was r = .28. This finding indicates that the use of the 90º push-ups to test muscular strength and endurance in the upper body of males has a higher validity values than female students. Keywords: Arm and shoulder girdle strength and endurance, 90 0 push-ups, bench pressIntroduction The 90° Push-ups test are used as a measure of arm and shoulder girdle strength and endurance. Several different forms of 90º push-ups test s are used in physical fitness tests. In the past, 90º push-ups test s for males were executed with the toes and hands on the ground (full-body push-ups test), whereas females performed modified versions, including those with the knees and hands on the ground (bent-knee push-up). These modified versions were used because females tend to score lower than males on a full-body push-ups test. Also, the bent-knee push-up test was used with boys and girls who could not execute a full-body pushups test. Presently, however, fitness tests like [6] have a 90° push-ups test for both boys and girls in which the toes and hands are on the ground while the participant lowers the body to the ground until the arms are at a 90° angle. Although the FITNESSGRAM® are mainly designed for testing children and youth, they are used for testing young healthy adults such as college students in fitness programs.