SUMMARYDuring the period 2008-2010, on the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops -Pleven, on slightly leached chernozem a study was conducted with the purpose to determine the selectivity of some herbicides to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and their influence on the seed productivity. As a result of the study the following was found: herbicides for broadleaf weeds control -Arat (500 g/l dicamba + 250 g/l tritosulfuron) at rate of 100 ml/ha, Korida 75 VDG (750 g/kg tribenuron-methyl) -15 g/ha and Cambio SL (320 g/l bentazone + 90 g/l dicamba) -1250 ml/ha had high selectivity to perennial ryegrass, applied at 2-4 leaf stage during establishing year of the stand and until the stage of the beginning of shooting up in seed production year. Herbicide for grass weeds control: Topik 080EK (80 g/l clodinafop-prop-argyl + antidote) at rate of 300 ml/ha, applied at the same stage can be applied in seed production stands of perennial ryegrass. Herbicide for grass weeds control -Grasp 25SK (250 g/l tralkoxydim) + Atplus 463 at rate of 1000 + 1000 ml/ ha showed phytotoxic effect on L. perenne and caused the reduction of seed and dry biomass productivity. Realization of the biological potential concerning seed and dry mass yield of perennial ryegrass demands application of selective herbicides Arat, Korida 75 VDG and Cambio SL in control of broadleaf weeds and Topik 080EK in control of grass weeds.

Urban areas are facing a range of environmental challenges including air, water and soil pollution as a result of industrial, domestic and traffic emissions. In addition, global climate change is likely to aggravate certain urban problems and disturb the urban ecology by increasing the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. In the context of urbanization growth and the consequent impact on the environment, there is a growing interest in maintaining urban soil quality and functions as they are the medium for green infrastructure development. Furthermore, urban soils are becoming one of the key factors in the delivery of many ecosystem services such as carbon storage, climate regulation, water flow regulation, etc. On the other hand, urban soils are well-known to be a major sink of air pollutants due to the wet and dry atmospheric deposition and recirculation. Soil has the ability to degrade some chemical contaminants but when the levels are high, urban soils could hold on large amounts and pose a risk to human health. A cost-effective technological solution is to use the ability of some plant species to metabolize, accumulate and detoxify heavy metals or other harmful organic or inorganic compounds from the soil layer. The establishment of urban lawns (grass covered surfaces) is a helpful, environmentally friendly, economically sustainable and cost-effective approach to remove contaminants from polluted soils (terrains), which also has some aesthetic benefits. In this paper, an overview of the benefits and limitations of urban lawn construction is presented. The focus is on the perspectives for sustainable management of urban lawns, especially as buffer green patches in the road network surroundings, that can represent strategies to provide ecological and social multifunctionality of urban soils, and thus, increasing their ecosystem services capacity. Specifically, the paper highlights (i) the possibilities for phytoremediation of urban soils, (ii) potential of some perennial grasses and (iii) key issues that should be considered in the planning and design of urban lawns.

SUMMARYA study was conducted in the experimental field of the Institute of Forage CropsPleven on a slightly leached chernozem soil in 2011-2012 to determine the selectivity of some herbicides to standard wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schultes) during stand establishment and its seed production. The study had the following results: the herbicides Kambio SL (320 g/l bentazone + 90 g/l dicamba) -1250 ml/ha; Kalam (125 g/l tritosulfuron + 600 g/kg dicamba) -200 g/ha; Lintur 70 WG (4.1% triasulfuron + 65.9% dicamba) -150 g/ha, and Axial 050ЕK (50 g/l pinoxaden) -600 ml/ha showed high selectivity to standard wheatgrass when applied at the stage of 3-4 leaves during the year of stand establishment; the herbicides Imaspro (69 g/l fenoxaprop-P-ethyl+antidote) and Stelar (50 g/l topramezone + 160 g/l dicamba), each applied at the rate of 1000 ml/ha, caused phytotoxicity (scores from 4 to 6), while Termidor (40 g/l nicosulfuron) -1250 ml/ha completely destroyed the crop (score 9); the herbicides Kambio SL; Kalam; Lintur 70WG and Axial 050ЕK applied at the same doses at the stage from spring growth to the beginning of shooting up in the seed production year had a high selectivity to standard wheatgrass and could be applied in seed production stands without negative influence on seed productivity. The herbicide Termidor was very phytotoxic (scores from 3 to 7) and prevented the formation of generative stems.

SUMMARyThe study was conducted to determine selectivity of some herbicides to cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), and their influence on the seed production, during the years 2008-2010. The trial was set on the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops -Pleven, on slightly leached chernozem. As a result of the research the following was found: herbicides Arat (500 g/l dicamba + 250 g/l tritosulfuron) at the dose of 100 ml/ha, Korida 75 VDG (750 g/kg tribenuron-methyl) -15 g/ha and Cambio SL (320 g/l bentazon + 90 g/l dicamba) -1250 ml/ha and Grasp 25SK (250 g/l tralkoxyidim) + Atplus at rate of 1000 + 1000 ml/ha had high selectivity to cocksfoot, applied at 2-4 leaf stage during establishing year of the stand, and until the stage of the beginning of shooting up in seed production year.Herbicide Topik 080EK (80 g/l clodinofop -propargyl + antidote) at rate of 300 ml/ha, showed phytotoxic effect to D. glomerata and caused the reduction of seed and dry biomass productivity.