Abstract-The human placenta is essential for the supply of the fetus. To monitor the fetal development, imaging data is acquired using ultrasound (US). Although it is currently the gold-standard in fetal imaging, it might not capture certain abnormalities of the placenta. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe alternative for the in utero examination while acquiring the fetus data in higher detail. Nevertheless, there is currently no established procedure for assessing the condition of the placenta and consequently the fetal health. Due to maternal respiration and inherent movements of the fetus during examination, a quantitative assessment of the placenta requires fetal motion compensation, precise placenta segmentation and a standardized visualization, which are challenging tasks. Utilizing advanced motion compensation and automatic segmentation methods to extract the highly versatile shape of the placenta, we introduce a novel visualization technique that presents the fetal and maternal side of the placenta in a standardized way. Our approach enables physicians to explore the placenta even in utero. This establishes the basis for a comparative assessment of multiple placentas to analyze possible pathologic arrangements and to support the research and understanding of this vital organ. Additionally, we propose a three-dimensional structure-aware surface slicing technique in order to explore relevant regions inside the placenta. Finally, to survey the applicability of our approach, we consulted clinical experts in prenatal diagnostics and imaging. We received mainly positive feedback, especially the applicability of our technique for research purposes was appreciated.

Volume segmentation is important in many applications, particularly in the medical domain. Most segmentation techniques, however, work fully automatically only in very restricted scenarios and cumbersome manual editing of the results is a common task. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for the editing of segmentation results. Our method exploits structural features of the segmented object to enable intuitive and robust correction and verification. We demonstrate that our new approach can significantly increase the segmentation quality even in difficult cases such as in the presence of severe pathologies.

e) e) f) f) Figure 1: We propose a novel guided volume editing approach for improving the quality of segmented medical data (Jaccard coefficient in percents). (a) Two suggestions to rectify over-estimation defects, with an initial quality of 88%, (b) after applying the suggestions, 91%, (c) after applying four more suggestions, 92%. (d) Two suggestions to fix under-estimation defects, with an initial quality of 80%, (e) after applying the suggestions, 85%, (f) after applying six more suggestions, 94%. AbstractSegmentation of volumetric data is an important part of many analysis pipelines, but frequently requires manual inspection and correction. While plenty of volume editing techniques exist, it remains cumbersome and errorprone for the user to find and select appropriate regions for editing. We propose an approach to improve volume editing by detecting potential segmentation defects while considering the underlying structure of the object of interest. Our method is based on a novel histogram dissimilarity measure between individual regions, derived from structural information extracted from the initial segmentation. Based on this information, our interactive system guides the user towards potential defects, provides integrated tools for their inspection, and automatically generates suggestions for their resolution. We demonstrate that our approach can reduce interaction effort and supports the user in a comprehensive investigation for high-quality segmentations.

Background. Placental dysfunction (PD) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, which has not only medical but also social significance. The links of the PD pathogenesis include endothelial dysfunction, hemodynamic disorders of the placental vessels, disorders of arterial and venous blood flow in the placenta. Objective. To study diagnostic methods and possibilities of PD correction in women with preeclampsia (PE). Materials and methods. The study involved 68 women with PE in the II and III trimesters of pregnancy, treated at the multidisciplinary clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy during 2017-2019. Patients underwent standard clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination with color Doppler mapping of vessels of the uterine-placental-fetal system and ultrasound evaluation of the fetoplacental system. Results and discussion. Premature aging of the placenta was found in 77.3 % of cases, turbid amniotic fluid – in 59.09 %, oligohydramnion – in 27.3 %. Disorders of uteroplacental blood flow were detected in 28.3 % of cases, placentofetal blood flow – in 26.7 %. Impaired blood flow at both levels without critical values occurred in 10 % of pregnant women. In case of insufficiency of a blood circulation of 2nd grade the syndrome of fetal growth restriction was observed in 16,7 % of cases. Compensated forms of PD were subject to the comprehensive treatment with the addition of infusions of L-arginine (Tivortin, “Yuria-Pharm”) in the inpatient phase and oral administration of Tivortin aspartate in the outpatient phase. The length of the fetal thigh in the group of L-arginine at the beginning of treatment was 47.33 mm, which was by 9.04 % less than this parameter in physiological pregnancy. After treatment with Tivortin, in the full-term period, no significant difference was found. In pregnant women who received L-arginine at 25-29 weeks of pregnancy, after 2 weeks, the resistance indices (RI) of the umbilical artery and uterine artery decreased from 0.68±0.09 to 0.58±0.05 and from 0,58±0.16 to 0.43±0.08, respectively. The RI of the middle cerebral artery increased from 1.05±0.23 to 1.27±0.19. Parameters of RI dynamics indicate that the early treatment with Tivortin is more effective than late. Conclusions. 1. Regardless of the presence of fetal growth restriction syndrome in women with disorders of uterine-placental-fetal circulation, it is advisable to include L-arginine in the treatment to prevent this condition. 2. Ultrasound examination is a reliable method for evaluating the effectiveness of PD treatment.

Preeclampsia and eclampsia are the most common causes of gestational complications for both the mother and the fetus. As the results of a confidential audit of maternal deaths from preeclampsia in regions of Russia in 2016 showed, the main causes of maternal deaths from preeclampsia/eclampsia are the lack of prediction of preeclampsia; belated diagnosis of mild preeclampsia and underestimation of its severity; insufficient and untimely examination; belated delivery; cessation of magnesia therapy during and after delivery. The aim of the study was to research the need for the treatment of mild preeclampsia, which, according to the clinical protocols approved by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, should not be treated, but it is necessary to observing for arterial pressure and proteinuria.Under observation were 68 women in the third trimester of pregnancy, admitted to the obstetrics department of the 2nd clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy with a diagnosis of mild preeclampsia. Women were divided into two groups: 1 (comparison group) – 30 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia, administered according to clinical protocols with monitoring of arterial pressure and proteinuria; 2 (main group) – 38 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia who received L-arginine (Tivortin®) in combination with a complex of antioxidant vitamins.In the study, 18 women of the comparison group experienced progression of pre-eclampsia to severe, and after a loading dose of magnesium therapy these patients were delivered by induction of labor or a cesarean section. In patients of the main group who were injected with Tivortin® and a complex of antioxidant vitamins, the progression of preeclampsia was not observed and the pregnancy was prolonged until the viable period of the fetus.Thus, the authors of the study conclude that pregnant women with mild preeclampsia with a high risk of developing severe preeclampsia and eclampsia must be hospitalized for inpatient examination and treatment by introducing an amino acid (Tivortin®) and a complex of antioxidant vitamins.