Summary --Zusammenfassung --R~sum~
Stress Distribution and Rock Fracture Zones in the Roof of Longwell Face in a Coal Mine.A two-dimensional finite element method of stress analysis was used to study the stress distribution and development of the fracturing process within the roof rock of a longwall face in a coal mine. Effective material properties were used instead of those measured in laboratory tests by employing underground displacement data and an inverse approximation technique. Initial stresses in the rock around the opening were found and three variations of the Mohr-Coulomb failure theory were used to calculate the corresponding safety factors. Four zones of progressive failure were established according to compressive-tensile stress proportions. The effective elastic moduli for these zones were calculated by means of a residual elasticity approach. Finally, the fractured rock stability criteria were introduced and the stability factors were calculated for the immediate roof area. Directions of fracture lines in the roof were found using the principal stress directions in the maximum shear stress zone. Une analyse des contraintes par la m&hode des ~ldments finis a dt~ faite pour &udier la distribution des contraintes et le d&eloppement du processus de fracturation du toit rocheux d'une longue taille dans une mine de charbon. Les propri&ds effectives du matdriau gurent utilis&s au lieu de celles qu'on mesure par des essais de laboratoire. Elles furent obtenues ~t partir des enregistrements des ddplacements souterrains et par une technique d'approximation inverse. Les contraintes initiales autour des cavit& ont ~td trouv&s et trois variantes de la th~orie de la rupture de Mohr-Coulomb furent utilis&s pour calculer les coefficients de s&urit8 correspondants. Quatre zones de rupture progressives furent ddfinies d'apr& le rapport rdsistance ~t la compression/r&istance ~t la traction. Le module dlastique efgectig de ces zones gut calculd au moyen d'une approche par r~sidu dlastique. Finalement le crit~re de stabilitd des roches rompues gut introduit et les facteurs de stabilit8 gurent calculds pour la zone immddiate du toit. Les directions des lignes de fracture du toit furent pr&ues b, partir des directions des contraintes principales dans la zone de cisaillement raaximal.
SpannungsverteiIung und Bruchzonen in Firste und
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