Pre-growing weed control by glyphosate herbicides is effective for increasing yield, but glyphosate residues in the soil might reduce soil quality and can accumulate in agricultural products. Naturally, microbes are able to breakdown glyphosate into nontoxic substances orthophosphate and glycine. Glyphosate degradation in soil by single soil microbes are reported elsewhere, but the information about glyphosate removal by soil bacterial consortia was limited. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) composition in liquid media to increase glyphosate degradation and its degradation product by soil bacterial consortia and 2) verify the effect of bacterial consortia on maize seedlings growth, their N and P uptake, as well as total and soluble P in soil. Glyphosate degradation test was set up by incubating bacterial consortia in a different composition of C-N-P liquid basal media. Greenhouse experiment has been performed in a randomized block design to treat maize grown in Inceptisols with bacterial and glyphosate application. The results showed that C-N-P composition of liquid media affected the concentration of glyphosate, as well as orthophosphate and glycine as by-products. In-planta experiment verified that inoculation of glyphosate-degrading bacterial to maize seedling grown in glyphosate-contaminated soil enabled to enhance shoot dry weight of maize seedling and N and P uptake at 4 weeks after inoculation.

Tailing deposited on rice field in Burn District Indonesia poses a severe environment problem since rice does not grow on tailing with low fertility. The aim of this study was to verify the natural vegetation grown naturally on mercury contaminated tailing which covered the top soil of rice field, as well as the development of legume tree, Trembesi, Rain Tree (Albizia saman F. Muell) grown in purpose between the pioneer plants. Plant succession observations were carried out for 2,5 years on 524 m2 of rice fields. As presumed, the succession was similar to the general pattern of primary revegetation. The study area increased diversity of weed as primary vegetation which influenced the better growth of Trembesi. A total of 17 natural plants were recorded as pioneer weed as well as late colonizer. Weed grazing by livestock, mainly cow, promoted the diversity of plants due to their role as seed dispersal agents.