The article presents the phenomenon of multitasking, representing simultaneous execution of two or more mental operations. Its particular type, media multitasking (MMT), is also considered as a relatively new format for combining various information flows that meets the requirements of the digital environment. The historical perspective of studying multitasking is presented: from individual experiments on the selectivity of attention to the phenomenon of digital everyday life. Modern empirical studies of MMT correlates among the main cognitive functions, including those of “light” and “heavy” multitaskers: attention, memory, thinking, and cognitive control, as well as productivity, academic performance, and metacognition are analyzed. The positive and negative effects of the MMT format are described. The resulting data set suggests that using the MMT format, which for most children and adolescents is gradually becoming a universal strategy of activity, the child adapts to an information-rich environment as a multiple and mixed reality. The importance of developing mechanisms for the formation of managed and controlled MMT for the education system is emphasized.

IntroductionCyberaggression including the most wide-spread variants of flaming (O’Sullivan, Flanagin, 2003; Voggeser et al., 2017) and trolling (Buckels et al., 2018) is affecting mental health of adolescents and youth although it could be (Kowalski, 2014; Wright, Wachs, 2020).ObjectivesThe aim was to study prevalence of flaming and trolling experience in Russian youth and adolescents and its relationship to general aggression and tolerance.Methods 525 adolescents 12-13 years old, 1029 adolescents 14-17 years old, 736 youth 18-30 years from 8 Federal regions in Russia appraised their experience of flaming or trolling online (as initiators, victims and observers) using vignettes. 1105 parents of adolescents appraised whether their children experienced flaming or trolling online. Then they filled Aggression Questionnaire (Buss, Perry, 1992) and Tolerance Index (Psychodiagnostics…, 2008).ResultsMore than one-half of adolescents (51-58% in 12-13 years old and 64% in 14-17 years old) and youth (45-69%) reported experience of flaming and trolling online, mostly as observers (32-65%). Parents accurately appraised flaming experience in their children but underestimated trolling experience (p<.05). Adolescents and youth observing flaming online report higher hostility, anger and physical aggression (F=17.8-28.3, p<.01, η²=.02) while lower social tolerance (F=4.27, p<.05, η²=.01). In adolescents observing trolling online these effects are stronger than in youth observing trolling online (interaction: F=5.68, p<.05, η²=.01).ConclusionsObserving trolling and flaming online is related to higher aggression and low tolerance in adolescents and youth and for adolescents the relationship is stronger. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project 20-013-00857.Conflict of interestThe reported study was funded by RFBR, project 20-013-00857.

IntroductionThe integration of digital technologies into everyday life leads to transformation of various socio-cultural practices, including related to destructive behavior. Among them, cyberaggression holds a leading position, especially in younger generation, and causes direct lasting negative impact on the psychological state of participants and affects (Martínez-Monteagudo et al., 2019; Wright, Wachs, 2020).ObjectivesThe goal of the study is to analyze the relationship between offline and online aggressions and the strength of negative emotional experiences of adolescents and youth, as well as parents’ awareness of this experience with their children.MethodsThe questionnaire was completed by 3395 people: 1554 adolescents aged 12-17 and 736 young people aged 18-30 from 8 federal districts of Russia.ResultsRespondents of all generations (64-74%) believe that people are more likely to experience painful or hostile situations in real life than online. Nevertheless, every fourth respondent (19-23%) says that events on the Internet can cause as much anxiety as events in real life. The least emotionally significant situations are flaming and cyberhate. Trolling causes strong feelings in every third adolescent, cyberstalking in every fifth, cyberbullying in every second. Both trolling and cyberstalking make girls more upset than boys, this is true for adolescents (12-13 and 14-17 years old) and youth (χ2=19.01-67.21, p<0.01, V=0.16-0.30).ConclusionsDifferences in emotional response to various types of cyberaggression require the development of differentiated approaches to the prevention of various situations of cyberaggression and the development of specific coping strategies in the collision with them. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project No. 20-013-00857.DisclosureThe reported study was funded by RFBR, project No. 20-013-00857.

IntroductionInternet provides wide opportunities not only for development, but also for developmental risks including information about drug consumption, advocacy for weight loss and suicide (Livingstone et al., 2011).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare user activity and online risks in Russian adolescents and parents according to three population studies, 2010, 2013, and 2019.MethodsUsing EU Kids Online methodology (Livingstone et al., 2011), the data of 1219 parents of adolescents 12-17 years old and 1553 adolescents 12-17 years old from 15 regions of Russia in 2019 were compared with the data of 1203 adolescents 12-17 years old and 1209 parents in 2013, as well as the answers of 685 couples “parent - teenager 12-16 years old” in 2010.ResultsCompared to 2010, in 2019 adolescents are more frequently disappointed or worried about something online (41.5% versus 33.6%, χ2=12.44, p<.01, CC=.07). Contemporary adolescents rarer report having seen sexual images (χ2=339,48, p<0,01, CC=0,36) online but more frequently report having seen rude actions online (χ2=69,93, p<0,01, CC=0,16). They more frequently see information about drugs and suicides (χ2=37,11, p<0,01, CC=0,12 и χ2=85,04, p<0,01, CC=0,17, respectively) and report an experience of cyberaggression (χ2=80,85, p<0,01, CC=0,19) and fraud (χ2=17,75, p<0,01, CC=0,09).ConclusionsIn Russian sample online risks in adolescents closely related to mental health and risky behavior in 2010-2019 increase suggesting necessity of social programs of risk prevention. Study is supported by Russian science Foundation, project 18-18-00365.Conflict of interestStudy is supported by Russian science Foundation, project 18-18-00365.