No abstract

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2, is a severe systemic thrombotic syndrome with respiratory tract damage that emerged in 2019 in China with the development of a subsequent pandemic. Over the past two years, very little information has been accumulated on the prevalence, transmission routes, and the clinical picture of the disease among newborn infants. Given the limited data in the domestic literature, authors present not only a description of the first clinical observation of confirmed new coronavirus infection in a premature newborn, but also a brief review of the literature on the description of the epidemiology, clinic and methods of therapy for COVID-19 in infants.

One of the leading trends in modern medicine is the principle of prevention, which consists in preventing the formation of diseases and complications of therapy. The main damaging factor during respiratory support in patients with inhomogeneous lung tissue injury is tidal volume (TV). With traditional pressure controlled mechanical ventilation (PCMV), controlling the TV delivered to the child is difficult due to the variable mechanical properties of the lung tissue. PCMV algorithms with targeted TV, used in neonatology and in young children, make it possible to adjust the parameters of endotracheal respiratory support automatically. Thus, the principle of prevention is observed from inspiration to inspiration, and TV values become more constant, despite the changing respiratory mechanics. This protects the lungs from volumotrauma and ensures favorable outcomes. The purpose of this work is to review the existing recommendations on the use of dual-control modes of ventilation in newborns and young children and to present a protocol for preparing the breathing apparatus and controlling parameters when using PCMV with guaranteed TV.

Н а протяжении многих лет в неонатологии существовало ошибочное представление о том, что новорожденные дети не чувствуют боль так же остро, как взрослые, и, как следствие, лечение боли в неонатальной практике и оценка ее отдаленных исходов долгое время не получали должного внимания. При этом боль, особенно у глубоконедо-ношенных детей, может способствовать нарушению развития головного мозга. Данное обстоятельство было продемонстрировано в одном из исследований, посвященных боли у новорожденных детей (86 недоношенных до 32 нед гестационного возраста), в котором проводилась 3D-магнитно-резонансная спектроскопия головного мозга с определением соотношения © Коллектив авторов, 2020Адрес для корреспонденции: Андреев Артем Владимирович -врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии новорожденных, аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии, неонатологии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии Ивановского НИИ материнства и детства им. В.Н.

This review clarifies the distribution of magnesium in the body of newborns and infants, elucidates the main variants and clinical manifestations of magnesium imbalance in the newborn's body, describes the factors affecting magnesium homeostasis, particularly the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of magnesium, in newborns at different gestational ages; the methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of imbalances in magnesium homeostasis are considered. In the modern scientific literature information on this issue is scarce and often inconsistent. The review contains information available in open literature sources on the use of magnesium preparations and the clinical role of its different concentrations during pregnancy and childhood, methods of detection of magnesium imbalance, immediate and long-term consequences of hypo-and hypermagnesemia in infants. The practical importance of scientific data about the balance of magnesium in the newborn's body, methods of diagnosis and modes of treatment of the detected disorders are highlighted.