The aim of the research is to develop a modeling methodology for solving problems associated with the creation of simulation models and means of information and technological support for the tasks of allocating water resources on drainage systems for double regulation of the water regime of soils. The methodological and informational basis of the work was formed by the experience of creating and operating existing means of information technology support for the design and operation of double regulation drainage systems, the provisions of normative and technical documents on the automation of systems, as well as the design features of drainage and humidification and drainage systems. irrigation systems. As a result of studies of the problem of distribution of water resources on a specific system, the main stages were determined: the allocation of its blocks for which a system of water resources regulation is being developed, the allocation of subsystems in the structure, classification of tasks in subsystems, construction of an information model of the system, construction of a complex of models. To solve the problem associated with the development of simulation models and means of information technology support for the tasks of water resources distribution on dual control systems, it is proposed to use the method of contour modeling of water resources management regimes. The essence of the methodology consists in identifying characteristic contours in the structure of the water distribution network, for which you can use standard modeling algorithms and tools (quickly adjusted to the parameters of these contours) and sequentially calculating the parameters of the distribution of water resources for each of them. In this connection, the main control loops have been determined: the control loop «Water consumer № 1, 2 ... n», «Group of water consumers № 1, 2 ... n», «Section of the system № 1, 2 ... n» and «System». The proposed technique allows you to select typical control loops and then, in the selected standard loop, select characteristic control loops, along which simulation modeling of the processes of regulating the distribution of water resources over all control loops is carried out. The carried out simulation modeling of regulation processes throughout the «system» can be used by the maintenance service of the double regulation drainage system as variations in solutions when controlling the operation of regulatory structures, pumping stations and other structures of the system used to control water distribution.
Российский научно-исследовательский институт проблем мелиорации, Новочеркасск, Российская Федерация АЛГОРИТМЫ РАСЧЕТА ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ЖИВОГО СЕЧЕНИЯ ОСУШИТЕЛЬНЫХ КАНАЛОВ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ФОРМ Цель: разработка алгоритмов и принципов создания программного обеспечения для расчета элементов живого сечения осушительных каналов мелиоративных систем различных форм. Проектирование гидротехнических сооружений-сложный процесс, включающий различные операции, в т. ч. и расчеты, которые могут являться исходными данными для производства графической части разрабатываемого проекта. Автоматизация процесса расчета с применением программного обеспечения позволяет ускорить сам процесс расчета, рассчитать несколько вариантов и выбрать наилучший, избавиться от ошибок вследствие минимизации воздействия человеческого фактора. Материалы и методы. В качестве основного исходного материала, содержащего гидравлические расчеты осушительных каналов, использовались справочники по мелиорации и водному хозяйству. Построение алгоритмов производилось в соответствии с требованиями ГОСТ 19.701-90 (ИСО 5807-85). Обработка числовых данных осуществлялась с использованием методов математической статистики. Результаты. Алгоритмы программного обеспечения разработаны для дальнейшего использования в программной среде Microsoft Excel, позволяют рассчитать все необходимые геометрические параметры живого сечения осушительных каналов различных форм и скорректированы под ее функциональные возможности. Для автоматизации расчетов в среде Microsoft Excel, в частности для расчета элементов живого сечения осушительных каналов параболической, комбинированной и параболической формы с донной вставкой, возникла необходимость в дополнительной корректировке исходного материала при расчете параметра параболы и функции параболического сечения. Выводы. Разрабатываемое программное обеспечение позволяет производить расчет элементов живого сечения осушительных каналов трапецеидальной, параболической, комбинированной, полигональной и параболической формы с донной вставкой и может быть реализовано в качестве калькулятора для выполнения работ по проектированию осушительных каналов мелиоративного назначения. Ключевые слова: живое сечение канала; форма канала; осушительный канал; проектирование; алгоритм.
The aim of the research was to develop an algorithm for modeling the regulation of water resources in the fields of reclamation systems for dual regulation of the water regime of soils (drainage-moistening, drainage-irrigation) in the «group of water consumers» contour (crop rotation plot) for the subsequent development of information and software tools that provide the possibility of operational regulation of water resources on dual regulation systems. The information and methodological basis of work related to modeling the modes of distribution of water resources in crop rotation plots was made up of methods for collecting and processing information, systematization methods, regulatory and technical documents, provisions for the development of information technologies, as well as existing means of information technology support for tasks in land reclamation. The task of modeling was to determine the modes of water supply from a water source (regulating tank, water intake-water source) by a pumping station by controlling the on and off of pumping units of different capacities available on it under conditions of rapidly changing water intake modes in the circuits regulation «Water consumers». The algorithm for modeling water regimes in the control loop «Group of water consumers» (crop rotation area) in the reclamation SDR includes three stages: preparation – input of initial data on water consumption plans in the control loops «Water consumer»; modeling – cost calculation; simulation results – total volumes of water to be supplied to the site, total volumes of water from the control tank or water-receiver-water source, and others. The developed algorithm makes it possible to quickly regulate the modes of water supply from a control tank or a water-receiver-water source by pumping stations by controlling pumping and power units under conditions of rapidly changing water intake modes in the «Water consumer» control loops.
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