Background,Objective: : spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles] derivatives are an important heterocyclic compounds. These compounds shows wide range of biological properties and exhibits varied pharmaceutical applications. Pyranopyrazoles, which are basically fused heterocyclic compounds and act as vasodilators, hypertensive, hypoglycaemic, and anticancer agents. Methods: An efficient and micelle-promoted surfactant catalyzed synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles] derivatives have been achieved via one-pot four-component reaction of hydrazine hydrate (phenyl hydrazine), ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile (ethyl cyanoacetate) and isatin under thermal conditions (at 60°C) in water as a solvent. Results: Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) used has been found to be an efficient and green catalyst. The compounds reported during this work were obtained in excellent yield, in a short duration of time and ease of work up. They were purified by recrystalization from ethanol, and also the synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Conclusion: The method offers several advantages such as safe, cost-effective and catalyst easily recovered and reused for a minimum of five cycles, that confirms its good stability. Short reaction times, high yield and usage of eco-friendly catalyst and solvent are the key features of this methodology.

No abstract

A Convenient and green synthesis of 4H-pyran derivatives via one-pot multicomponent reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and ethyl acetoacetate using KOH loaded CaO as a catalyst under solvent free condition is reported. The morphology of the catalyst has been characterized by XRD and TEM. This protocol have numerous advantages like lesser reaction time, environment friendly, low cost, easy to separate, and provide higher yield. The synthesized compounds have been characterized and confirmed by different spectroscopic techniques like 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, FT-IR, and LC-MS.

Field experiments were conducted during the kharif seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Krishi Nagar farm, Department of Agronomy, JNKVV Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) to study the different crop geometries and depths of planting on growth and yield of rice in system of rice intensifi cation. The results revealed that the 30 cm × 30 cm planting geometry had superiority in various parameters viz; growth parameter, yield and yield attributes, which were significantly infl uenced by plant geometry and depth of planting. Rice variety MR-219 with shallow depth of planting (2.5 cm) had markedly superior growth parameters viz., number of tillers/m2 at harvest. Almost all the yield and yield attributing characters viz; test weight, harvest index, grain and straw yields were superior with the MR-219 variety and shallow depth of planting. The results revealed that growth parameters, viz. number of tillers/m2at harvest was superior at 20 cm × 20 cm planting geometry as compared to other planting geometries. All growth parameters were signifi cantly superior in MR-219 which resulted in production of more 1000-test weight and sterility percentage and higher yield as comparison to WGL-32100 and PS-3.MR-219 (6.94 t/ha) proved signifi cantly superior to WGL-32100 (6.32 t/ha) and PS-3 (6.02 t/ha) with regard to grain yield, when planted at shallow depth with 25 cm × 25 cm plant geometry. Interaction between varieties and planting geometry on the grain yields was found signifi cant. The variety MR-219 had signifi cantly more grain yield at 25 cm × 25 cm, straw yield at 20 cm x 20 cm and 1000-test weight at 30 cm x 30 cm compared to other planting geometries.