The possibility of linearly polarized electromagnetic microwave conversion into a circularly polarized wave using single-turn helices with preliminary calculated optimal parameters is demonstrated. The helices are characterized by equal dielectric, magnetic, and chiral susceptibilities. Such optimal helices can be further used, for example, to develop reflectionless coatings and metamaterials with negative electromagnetic wave refraction. It is demonstrated that the examined helices activated by both electric and magnetic fields, that is, for any arbitrary orientation of the incident wave polarization plane, have optimal characteristics. This is the advantage of the optimal helices over other possible metamaterial elements, for example, rectilinear vibrators or circular resonators.

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The rotation of polarization plane of electromagnetic waves by the metallic helices is experimentally investigated. The object of investigation is electromagnetic waves scattered by the copper wire one-turn helices. Flat periodic structure consists of 1-turn helices placed on the radio transparent material that is manufactured. The helices are excited by a linear electromagnetic wave. The experimental method is based on the registration of polarization plane rotation of wave reflected by a two-dimensional (2D) lattice. The optimal pitch angle of the helix which is necessary for maximal rotation of polarization plane of waves was calculated previously. The optimal parameters of the helix were taken into account when the 2D lattice was manufactured. As a result even the flat lattice was enough for observation of considerable rotation of the polarization plane of transmitted and reflected waves. For transmitted wave, the resonance behavior of rotation of the polarization plane with sign change of angle of rotation as a function of frequency is observed.

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In the present article, we study the long bifilar helix in which electric currents are quasi-stationary, i.e. the wavelength of the electromagnetic field is much longer than the turn of the helix. All components of the force acting on a physically small element of one helix from the other helix having a big length are calculated. The case when the currents in the two helices have the same direction relative to the x axis is considered. The dependence of the radial component of the force of interaction between two helices on the pitch angle is determined. At various pitch angles the helices can attract and repel each other while the direction of the current does not change. It is found the value of pitch angle when two helices do not interact and bifilar helix, formed by them, is in equilibrium state.