The soils and native vegetation of 28 Outstanding changes in plant species across two phases of the Festuca zone and a high soil"organi"c carbon g.idi"trt through the Black soils appeared to be a result of a high negative mein minimum temperature gradient which accounts for a high P/E ratio gradient.

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Allen Press and Society for Range Management are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Range Management. FREYMAN AND van RYSWYKan increase in actual forage production, as they are largely non-palatable to livestock.The Rhodes site was the lowest producing of the sites, although increases in production were observed at all rates of nitrogen fertilization. The perennial forb component also increased on this site but only to the 67-pound nitrogen treatment. Annual forbs were present in large numbers during the 1965 season, especially at the high levels of nitrogen application.It became apparent from the data that caution and good judgment must be exercised when fertilizing native rangelands in western North Dakota. Nitrogen fertilizer may be a valuable tool in range improvement when the factors of plant and soil response to the applied nitrogen are known and applied on a range site basis.

Rumen-fistulated cattle were fed fresh alfalfa herbage daily during two growing seasons. Samples of rumen fluid were collected daily prior to feeding and the frothiness of the rumen fluid was assessed. Concentrations of soluble protein nitrogen in the rumen fluid were higher in animals that subsequently bloated than in those that did not (P < 0.01). There was no relation between soluble protein nitrogen and the occurrence of foam in the rumen prior to feeding. The concentrations of Na and K in the rumen fluid were negatively correlated. Bloat was associated with a low concentration of Na and a high concentration of K (P < 0.01). Concentrations of Ca and Mg were lower than those of the two monovalent ions but were also positively associated with bloat (P < 0.01). The high concentration of chlorophyll associated with a predisposition to bloat may be the result of a colloidal aggregation of chloroplast particles stabilized by cations. Key words: Pasture bloat, alfalfa, chlorophyll, ions, cattle

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Hordenine, gramine, and 5metboxy-N-methyltryptamine (SMMT) were identified as the major basic alkaloids in reed canarygrass grown on wet meadows in Interior British Columbia. The concentrations of these anti-quality constituents, determined sequentially at four field locations, were exceptionally low compared with levels found for reed canarygrass grown under growth room conditions. Under field conditions, for example, SMMT levels did not exceed 250 pg/g (dry wt), whereas a peak level of 1,250 pug/g SMMT was recorded from the growth room. Depressed alkaloid levels under wet meadow field conditions were observed in all varieties tested including two experimental varieties, one registered variety, and a commercial type. Low alkaloid levels on wet meadows appeared to coincide with fewer types of alkaloids: 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (SDMT) was not detected under field conditions but it was present in all reed canarygrass samples analyzed from the growth room. Field applications of fertilizer (NPK) appeared to have marginal effects on alkaloid levels. On wet meadows the trends indicated that gramine and SMMT concentrations increased toward the end of the growing season, but low total alkaloid levels were still maintained. The factor of soil moisture stress is reviewed in relation to alkaloid levels in reed canarygrass. Recently developed thin layer chromatography (TLC) scanning procedures were used to determine concentrations of gramine and SMMT. New TLC fluorescence methods were devised for the quantitative determination of hordenine and SDMT in reed canarygrass. l'c~~m~t C'OI~~I~~~II~IC~~IOII. I> L.