Background: Morselized bone components have been shown to induce an in ammatory response after long bone fracture. Given that similar components are often utilized in calvarial reconstruction, we hypothesized that a connection exists between the in ammatory response generated by these morselized bone components and subsequent bone healing. In the current study, we sought to determine the effects of speci c in ammatory mediators on osteogenic differentiation. Methods:A mouse myoblast cell line (C2C12) with an established response to BMP2 stimulation was utilized and their response to BMP2 alone, and BMP2 in combination with speci c in ammatory mediators was quanti ed. Treatment groups included proliferation medium (negative control), BMP2, and BMP2 in combination with TGFOE≤1, TGFOE≤2, TGFOE≤3, TNFOE±, IL-10, or HMGB1. After 24 hours, cells underwent alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, quantitative ALP activity assay, and MTS cell proliferation assay. Quantitative PCR was used to analyze gene expression of the bone-related genes RUNX2, OSX, TGFOE≤1, 2 & 3, and FGFR2. One-way ANOVA analysis was used, with p<0.05 being signi cant.

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Purpose: To evaluate the use of a new metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) as an in vivo dosimeter for patients receiving total body irradiation (TBI). Method and Materials: The dose responses of the MOSFET dosimeters are compared to that of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) during TBI treatments of 4 patients. Each patient is treated AP/PA with 60Co irradiation, a field size of 44 × 44 cm2 at isocenter, and an SAD of 338.2 cm. One MOSFET dosimeter and 4 TLD crystals are placed at the entrance and exit of five anatomical sites: head, chest, lung, umbilicus, and pelvis. Additionally, the dosimeters are positioned at a calibration point in air to normalize the dosimeter readings. The MOSFET dosimeters are read instantaneously with a digital hand held reader, and the TLDs are measured with a TLD reader. Results: The measured midline dose rates and calculated treatment times of the MOSFET dosimeters and TLDs are compared. The average deviations of the MOSFETs from the TLDs are 6% at the head, 7% at the chest, 3% at the lung, 1% at the umbilicus, and 4% at the pelvis. The maximum deviation of the MOSFETs from the TLDs is 11.5%, and the minimum deviation is 0.94%. The MOSFET calculated treatment times are within 5% of the TLD calculated treatment times. Three dosimeters failed during the treatments. Conclusion: These results show that the new MOSFET dosimeters are an adequate and efficient measurement system for TBI treatments. The cause of dosimeter failure has not been determined as further analysis and experience with the MOSFET dosimeters are necessary. It is recommended that more than one MOSFET dosimeter is used per site for TBI treatment in case of dosimeter failure.

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