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termostable factor excreted by E. coli (Paulson and Polakoski -1977) obtained from urogenital infections (Teague et al. -1971). Material and Methodsand their chamber and apical hole were sealed with inlay wax. The tooth were stored in saline with 6% phenol. The necrotic pulp was obtained afterwards and seeded in Tood Hewith and lauryl sulfate medium, which were incubated for 48 hrs. at 35" C. All the micro-organisms found in open pulpar necrosis were identified in the Tood Hewith medium by morphological characteristics and biochemical tests. The positive lauryl sulfate cultures were transferred to MacConkey's solid medium and incubated for 18 hrs. at 35" C. The enterobacteria were then identified by means of biochemical tests. The E. coli culture was Two hundred tooth with open pulper chambers were extracted using aseptic techniques

Colonization of the oral cavity by group mutans streptococci according to age assesed by a semi-quantitative method in salivaObjective: To evaluate the colonization of group mutans streptococci according to age, measuring the amount of bacteria in saliva with a semi-quantitative method in a population attended in public and private dental centers of the Metropolitan Region, Santiago, Chile. Patients and Methods: Saliva samples were obtained from 14,649 patients aged 5 to 40 years, in one public and 5 private dental centers. Bacteria concentration was estimated by the comparison with a standard counting-chart. The concentration of group mutans streptococci in saliva was test by a 3-way ANOVA. Results: Bacterial concentration of Streptococcus mutans related with the age of patients was signifi cant (p < 0.001). Bacterial concentration in the preschool age was 4,7 x 10 5 CFU/mL at 5 years, while 6,0 x10 5 CFU/mL at 12 years of age, with a decrease in patients over 30 years. Bacterial concentration was signifi cantly different in the six centers of the study. Conclusions: The semi-quantitative method was useful to determine the colonization by Streptococcus mutans according to age. This could help for identifying population at high risk of dental caries and to develop oral health prevention programs in specifi c populations.

Background Oral microorganisms produce damage through the transfer to bloodstream, colonizing other tissues or direct damage in the oral cavity. Aim to study the quantitative interactions between C. albicans and the mutans streptococci and ms serotypes in the saliva of the oral cavity of patients with Down syndrome (DS). Material and Methods Included 120 patients of both genders, 60 patients with Down syndrome (DS) and 60 patients as a control group (CG). Samples of saliva were taken, and bacteria and fungi were grown on TYCSB and Saboureaud agar. Microbiological, serological and quantitative analyses were performed to determine the kind of isolated of microorganisms corresponding to the ms c, e, f and k for species S. mutans and d and g for S. sobrinus and C. albicans . Electronic scanning microscopy was employed to visualize and confirm the colonies under study. Statistics analysis included t-test proofs for matched data test, Scheffé and ANOVA. Results Forming units (CFU) per mL of saliva of C. albicans a significant difference was observed among DS>CG groups. A correlation of the C. albicans quantity and the ms count was found by age intervals however, tendencies were different in SD and CG. Also, the CFU of C. albicans was different among the serotypes of ms (c, e, f, k