The present study aimed to determine and recognize a database of physical and engineering properties of grains of some main and popular feed, industrial crops which play an important role in designing and developing of specific machines and their operations such as planting, harvesting and grading .The studied crops namely fennel flower, rice (Giza101), rice (Giza 177), broad bean, corn (hyb. 310), corn (hyb. 352), wheat (Giza9) and wheat (Giza 168)and their selection based on their recent coverage area and the expected future expansion of each variety. Various physical properties including grain dimensions (length, width and thickness), the weight of thousand grain, bulk density, percent of sphericity, projected area , and the mechanical properties including angle of repose and coefficient of friction, in addition to the aerodynamic properties including terminal velocity, drag coefficient and Reynold's number, were determined at storage moisture content 7-12%(wb).The obtained data showed that it is recommended to use the stainless steel or galvanized iron in manufacturing of seed hopper used in planting machines, silos and storage containers with sides inclination of 40 ○ to allow an easily sliding for the studied grains.. The physical properties of seed play an important role to select the proper separating and cleaning equipment and the main dimensions are considered in selecting and designing the suitable size of the screen perforations. Also, the average terminal velocities of grains were 4

A rubbing thresher was developed and evaluated on threshing some seed crops as flax and sunflower. The performance of the developed machine was tested in two independent experiments according to the kind of crop by studying some engineering factors that affecting threshing operation such as threshing drum speed, threshing belt speed, and concave clearance. The flax experiment was performed by testing the drum speed

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the response surface methodology (RSM) approach to predict the tractive performance of an agricultural tractor during semi-deep tillage operations. The studied parameters of tractor performance, including slippage (S), drawbar power (DP) and traction efficiency (TE), were affected by two different types of tillage tool (paraplow and subsoiler), three different levels of operating depth (30, 40 and 50 cm), and four different levels of forward speed (1.8, 2.3, 2.9 and 3.5 km h−1). Tractors drove a vertical load at two levels (225 kg and no weight) in four replications, forming a total of 192 datapoints. Field test results showed that all variables except vertical load, and different combinations of this and other variables, were effective for the S, DP and TE. Increments in speed and depth resulted in an increase and decrease in S and TE, respectively. Additionally, the RSM approach displayed changes in slippage, drawbar power and traction efficiency, resulting from alterations in tine type, depth, speed and vertical load at 3D views, with high accuracy due to the graph’s surfaces, with many small pixels. The RSM model predicted the slippage as 6.75%, drawbar power as 2.23 kW and traction efficiency as 82.91% at the optimal state for the paraplow tine, with an operating depth of 30 cm, forward speed of 2.07 km h−1 and a vertical load of 0.01 kg.

The sharpener unit attached to the chopping machine used for maize crops has a substantial effect on knife sharpness and chopping speed, which in turn affects machine productivity, chopping length, chopping efficiency and specific energy requirements. The machine was tested at four chopping speeds, which were 1650, 1900, 2150 and 2400 rpm (47.52,54.72,61.92 and 69.12 m s-1), and at three crop moisture content levels, which were 60, 70 and 77 %. The results showed that the performance of a sharpener unit attached to a maize chopping machine is better than a maize chopping machine without an attached sharpener unit in terms of productivity, chopping length, chopping efficiency, and energy efficiency. At a constant clearance of 10 mm, an optimum moisture content of 70 %, and an optimum knife speed of 2150 rpm (61.92 m s-1), the results showed that the maize chopping machine with a sharpener unit yielded a productivity of 5.74 t h-1 , a chopping length of 15 mm, a chopping efficiency of 79.37 %, a specific energy requirement of 3.42 kW h t-1 and operating cost of 35.82 LE t-1

A cabbage harvester prototype was fabricated and tested to save time, cost, and labor for harvesting. This harvester was designed for harvesting operations to drive the prototype and control the harvester. The single-row prototype harvesting meets the functional requirements of the physical properties of the Egyptian cabbage. The performance of the harvester prototype was evaluated on two shapes of cutter disc, four cutter disc speeds, and four cutter disc angles; these parameters were assessed at 88% moisture content of the cabbage head and average forward speed of 1.5 km/h. The results demonstrated that the serrated edge cutter discs and 900 rpm disc speed produced actual productivity of 12.56 ton/h, 2.28 kW power requirements, 0.18 kW h/ton specific energy requirement, and of 3.66 $/h operating cost. It turns out that the harvester did not do major harm to the cabbage and less than 4% damage. Operating the harvester at the optimum parameters saves cost and time compared with manual harvesting.