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Solid‐state electrochemical cells have been devised using a variety of metals as anodes and electronically conducting charge‐transfer complexes as cathodes. The product of the electrochemical reaction, the electrolyte, was formed in situ. Data are reported for halogen complexes as well as for complexes containing nitrogen compounds as acceptors. It is shown that the voltage ‐producing electrochemical reaction is the formation of the corresponding metal salt. Open‐circuit voltages of 1.5–2.5v per cell were attained with magnesium or calcium anodes, and short‐circuit current densities of up to 25 ma/cm2 were found. Current‐voltage characteristics have been studied as a function of temperature, and constant‐load discharge curves are shown. Maximum power densities of one watt per pound and useful energy densities of 1 whr/lb are reported. An analysis based on irreversible thermodynamics is presented, and possible applications are suggested.

Indium-selenium, copper-selenium, and copper-indium-selenium thin films have been prepared by electrodeposition techniques on molybdenum substrates. Electrodeposited precursors are prepared at varying potentials, pH, and deposition times. The adhesion and imiformity of indium selenide on molybdenum substrates are improved by electrodepositing an initial copper layer (500 A) on molybdenum. The films (In-Se, Cu-Se, and Cu-In-Se) are annealed at 250 and 450°C in Ar for 15 niln and are slow-cooled (3°C/mm). The films are characterized by electron microprobe analysis, inductivecoupled plasma spectrometry, x-ray diffraction analysis, Auger electron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The as-deposited precursor films are loaded in a physical evaporation chamber and additional In or Cu and Se are added to the film to adjust the final composition to CuInSe2. The device fabricated using electrodeposited Cu-In-Se precursor layers resulted in a solar cell efficiency of 9.4%.

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No abstract