BACKGROUND The incidence of forearm fractures is increasing faster than the usual predicted rate due to rapid industrialization, increased incidence of motor vehicle accident and various sports activities and increase in the incidence of fall and direct blow. For pronation and supination to occur, the maintenance of interosseous space becomes mandatory while fixing the fractures involving radius and ulna.1 Both bone forearm fractures are not uncommon. Healing occurs reliably after closed treatment but malunion with resultant decreased rotation of the forearm is common and has been associated with poor results.2,3 The purpose of this study was to analyse functional outcome of both bone forearm fracture in patients above 12 years of age treated with dynamic compression plating and intramedullary nailing. METHODS This is a prospective comparative study of 30 cases of diaphyseal fracture of both bones of forearm who attended casualty and out-patient department (OPD) of Government General Hospital, Kurnool and were treated by surgical fixation with dynamic compression plating and intramedullary nailing between November 2018 to November 2020. RESULTS The functional outcome as per modified grace eversmann scoring system in dynamic compression plating (DCP) group was that 80 % (12 patients) had excellent results, 20 % (3 patients) had good results with no patient having fair and poor results. In the intramedullary nailing (IMN) group, 66.7 % (10 patients) had excellent results, 13.3 % (2 patients) had good results, 13.3 % (2 patients) had fair results and 6.7 % (1 patient) had poor result. CONCLUSIONS Even though plate osteosynthesis is still the most commonly used form of fixation in both bone forearm fractures, titanium elastic nail and intramedullary nail fixation are relatively newer techniques which offer viable and more efficient alternative especially in fixation of fractures involving shafts of radius and ulna. KEY WORDS Intramedullary Nailing, Titanium Elastic Nailing, Dynamic Compression Plating

BACKGROUND Fracture neck of femur are one of the most common fractures in elderly population following a trivial trauma. The goal of treatment of these fractures is restoration of pre fracture function without associated morbidity, in earliest possible time Earlier hemiarthroplasty by using Vitallium or stainless steel was popular, practiced by Austin Moore's method which produced fairly good results. But it had its limitations in loosening and reactions at acetabulum among others. Many of the shortcomings of this procedure was overcome by a new type of prosthesis, which had the great advantage of second joint, below the acetabulum. It was named as bipolar prosthesis, since it had an outer head of metal which is stationary and this articulates with acetabulum and a second inner small metallic head articulates with the high density polyethylene (HDPE) lining the inner surface of the outer head. This prosthesis proved very useful and results are encouraging. The aim of the study is to assess the functional outcome of Bipolar prosthesis in Intracapsular fracture neck of femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was done in 20 patients with fracture neck of femur in government general hospital Kurnool over a period of 2 years, All of them were managed by bipolar hemiarthroplasty through posterior approach. All patients were followed up for 6 months, results were evaluated with Harris Hip Score. RESULTS 85% of the patients had an excellent to good Harris Hip Score while 10% of the patients had a fair result and 5% had a poor result. CONCLUSION Bipolar hemiarthroplasty provides early mobilization, good relief of pain and good level of activities with minimal complications.

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BACKGROUND Olecranon fractures are one of the most commonly seen orthopaedic injuries in the emergency room. Fractures of the Olecranon process of the Ulna typically occurs as a result of a motor-vehicle or motorcycle accident, a fall, or assault. The accepted management for Olecranon fractures is for non-displaced fractures short immobilization followed by gradually increasing range of motion. When displaced, open reduction and internal fixation with k-wires and figure of eight tension band wiring for simple transverse fractures and olecranon hook plate for comminuted fractures The present study is undertaken to evaluate the results of surgical management, the merits and demerits and to asses elbow joint motion and stability after the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study consists of 25 cases of fracture olecranon treated by Tension band wiring with Kirschner wire for Simple transverse fractures and Olecranon hook plate for Comminuted fractures. RESULTS The results were evaluated according to the Mayo elbow performance score. The results obtained in our series were excellent in 18 (72%) patients, good in 4 (16%) patients, fair in 3 (12%) patients and no poor results. CONCLUSION From the present study it is concluded, that the technique of open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires and tension band wiring for simple transverse and oblique fractures and olecranon plate fixation for comminuted fractures are effective means and gold standard technique of treating fractures of olecranon and is based on sound biomechanical principle.

Background Data: Multiple surgical techniques have been used to treat spinal canal stenosis, including open, microscopic, and endoscopic decompression and fusion surgery. Purpose: This article investigates the safety and the efficacy of unilateral endoscopic decompression for patients with monosegmental degenerative lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LCS). Study Design: Prospective clinical case series. Patients and Methods: Thirty consecutive patients with degenerative LCS were treated with endoscopic laminotomy with medial facetectomy. Patients were treated with the EasyGO! ® 2nd Generation system (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) at our institutions between March 2018 and September 2020. Primary outcomes parameters included the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) to quantify pain and disability, respectively. The length of the incision, the duration of surgery, the operative blood loss, and the duration of hospital stay were calculated. The mean follow-up period for patients was 10.5 ± 2.3 (range, 6-12) months. Results: The mean age was 56.5 ± 5.7 years. All thirty patients had neurogenic claudication. 63% of the patients had bilateral leg pain, 37% had unilateral leg pain, and 66% had low back pain. Seven patients (23%) had motor weakness preoperatively. The spinal segments affected were as follows: L4-L5 in 22 cases; L3-L4 in 6 cases; L2-L3, one case; L5-S1, one case. There was a statistically significant reduction in the mean values of NPRS for both leg and back pain in the follow-up period (P < 0.001). Moreover, the ODI mean value was statistically significantly reduced in the follow-up period (P < 0.001). the mean operative blood loss was 147.2 ± 68.3 ml, the mean operative time was 134.7 ± 28.34 minutes, and the mean hospital stay was 1.4 ± 0.8 days. We had four patients with intraoperative dural tears (13%) with no postoperative CSF leak, three patients (10%) had superficial wound infection, no patients had deep wound infection or discitis, and no reoperation was reported in the follow-up period. Conclusion:The unilateral uniportal endoscopic approach is a safe and effective technique in patients with degenerative lumbar canal stenosis. It allows for adequate decompression of the neural elements and preserves spinal stability. (2021ESJ236)