RESUMENEfecto de la radiación gamma sobre el perfil lipídico de los aceites de semillas de soja, cacahuete y sésamo Semillas de soja, cacahuete y de sésamo se expusieron a diferentes dosis de radiación gamma (0,0, 0,5, 1,0, 2,0, 3,0, 5,0 y 7,5 kGy). Se determinaron los perfiles de ácidos grasos y el insaponificable de los aceites mediante cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas. Los resultados demostraron que las relaciones de ácidos insaturados a ácidos grasos totales saturados (TU/TS) e hidrocarburos totales a esteroles (TH/TSt) se alteró significativamente tras la irradiación. Estos cambios se observaron claramente en el aceite extraído de las semillas de sésamo irradiados, en comparación con los aceites de soja y cacahuetes irradiados. El mayor cambio en la composición de ácidos grasos fue la disminución de la cantidad de ácidos grasos insaturados (C18:1 y C18:2) en todos los casos. En contraste, los niveles de las fracciones de esteroles como colesterol, campesterol, estigmasterol y β-sitosterol de las semillas irradiadas fueron en general más bajo que el de las semillas sin irradiados. PALABRAS CLAVE: Ácidos grasos -Esteroles -Hidrocarburos -Irradiación Gamma -Semillas oleaginosas. SUMMARY Effect of gamma radiation on the lipid profiles of soybean, peanut and sesame seed oilsSeeds of soybean, peanut, and sesame were exposed to various doses of gamma irradiation (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.5 kGy). Fatty acid and unsaponifiable profiles of the extracted oils were separated by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the ratios of unsaturated to saturated total fatty acids (TU/TS) and total hydrocarbons to sterols (TH/TSt) were significantly altered upon irradiation. These changes were clearly observed in the oil extracted from irradiated sesame seeds compared with the oils from irradiated peanuts and soybean. The major change in fatty acid composition was the decrease in the quantity of unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1 and C18:2) in all cases. In contrast, the sterol fractions such as cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol levels of irradiated seeds were generally lower than that of the un-irradiated seeds.

Organic and inorganic fertilizers, commercial products containing organic and amino acids, vitamins as well as plant growth regulators were tested for their ability to induce nematode resistance in eggplant. Results indicated that organic fertilizers are significantly better than inorganic ones in reducing all the root-knot nematode counts with superiority to compost, Hyper K ® and Union zinc ® were the best inorganic fertilizers, although, they all could not reach the effect of vydate 10% G. All the tested commercial products containing organic and/or amino acids as well as plant growth regulators reduced significantly M. incognita counts. Indole acetic acid and indole butyric acid preceded all the tested materials in enhancing the resistance of eggplant against the root-knot nematode followed by ascorbic acid, amino zinc and citric acid. Results also proved that organic fertilizers (especially compost) were the best in improving plant growth. Other organic and inorganic materials significantly improved eggplant growth. Indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid and amino zinc performed the best results.Oxidant lipid peroxidase (MDA) was at the lowest values in roots of healthy plants and at the highest ones in the infected roots of untreated plants. Application of all the tested materials could preclude the formation of MDA. Only indole acetic acid, compost and indole butyric acid, in that order, brought the levels of MDA in infected roots to be near to that of the healthy plants without significant differences. The antioxidant enzymes SOD and APX increased in infected plants as a feed back to the increase in MDA. Also indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid and compost encouraged plants to produce levels of SOD and APX significantly higher than those of other treatments including healthy plants. The other tested materials heighten the levels of antioxidant enzymes to levels measured up the degree of nematode control they accomplished.

Different concentrations of three essential oil extracts (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) were used against Tetranychus urticae. (Koch) Chamomile; Chamomilla recutita (L.), proved to be the most efficient agent against T. urticae followed by Marjoram; Marjorana hortensis (L.), and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.) The LC 50 values of these oils were 0.651 &1.17; 1, 84 & 6.26 and 2.18 & 7.33 for adults and eggs, respectively. Herein, the bioassay experiments of the two essential oils, Chamomile and Marjoram showed relationship between essential oil contents and activity of enzyme glutathione S-transferase, non specific esterase and alkaline phosphatase in T.urticae. GC-MS analysis of C. recutita and M. hortensis proved the presence of 13 and 14 essential oil components, respectively. The major essential oil contents of C. recutita are α-Bisabolol oxide A (35.25%), and Trans-β-farersene (7.98%), while the main components of M. hortensis are Terpinen-4-ol (23.86%), P-cymene (23.40%) and Sabinene (10.90%). The major components of both plant extracts (Terpinen-4-ol 23.86% and α-Bisabolol oxide A 35.25% essential oils) may be responsible for the activity of enzymes of T. urticae (glutathione S-transferase, non specific esterase and alkaline phosphatase).

No abstract