In this paper, we propose a method of cost distribution analysis of new consumer connections to a city power grid by accounting for spatial restrictions and characteristics of existing networks. In practice, the calculation of connection costs for each new consumer includes the network design and financial expenditure. We suggest that connection costs should be calculated for the whole city based on the normative parameters at the stage when the object location is selected by investors and when power grid development is planned by power companies. The proposed method enables the modeling of new power line connection routes from every parcel of city land to possible points of connection to the operating networks based on the raster design of the area. The optimal path is chosen by one criterion consisting of two components: the costs of both laying new power lines and providing sufficient power reserve in the chosen network connection point. Realized as a computer program, the method has been used to calculate the costs of connections to low-voltage power lines.

Авторское резюме Состояние вопроса: В настоящее время для настройки режимов работы тепловых сетей используются хорошо изученные методы и программные средства тепловых и гидравлических расчетов. Одновременно активно развиваются методы и программные средства для централизованного сбора данных приборов учета, которыми оборудуются тепловые пункты потребителей. При этом методы совместной обработки и анализа таких данных в целях повышения эффективности работы сети, улучшения качества оперативного управления процессами отпуска и потребления тепловой энергии остаются мало исследованными и пока не нашли применения на практике. Материалы и методы: Для расчета оценки эффективности использования энергоресурсов в системе теплоснабжения использованы методы и средства моделирования и анализа бизнес-процессов, аналитической обработки данных, представления данных в ГИС, а также результаты выполнения тепловых и гидравлических расчетов сетей и сбора данных с приборов учета отпуска тепловой энергии. Результаты: Предложен новый метод оперативного анализа режимов работы тепловой сети, основанный на сравнении показаний приборов учета с результатами моделирования процессов в тепловой сети для оценки эффективности использования топлива и электроэнергии. Рассмотрены структура, функции, процессы сбора и обработки данных. Представлены результаты опытной эксплуатации облачной информационной системы, использующей предложенный метод. Выводы: Результаты разработки и опытной эксплуатации информационной системы мониторинга тепловых сетей подтвердили возможность и эффективность применения разработанного метода совместного анализа данных моделирования и мониторинга тепловых сетей. Разработанный метод и программные средства могут применяться в составе муниципальных и региональных информационных систем для контроля эффективности расходования энергоресурсов в системах централизованного теплоснабжения. Ключевые слова: система теплоснабжения, облачная информационная система, мониторинг тепловых сетей, режим работы тепловых сетей.

Development of energy-saving technologies offers good opportunities for selecting building energy supply methods through the use of alternative energy sources and power network types. Research in the field of energy saving is mainly focused on finding methods of energy saving by power consumers and individual power industry facilities. At the same time, collaboration of different energy networks as a unified power supply system of the city and a feasibility study of the energy load redistribution between different energy networks in the process of territorial development remains a poorly studied problem. The aim of the study is to develop a method that allows comparing the use of different power supply sources and types of individual buildings based on a single criterion of changing the total cost of transmission, conversion and consumption of energy in the city. The study employed methods of development and analysis of energy balances of a territory, methods for calculating gas, heat and electricity consumption of residential buildings, methods of power network losses calculation and methods of network and overlay analysis in GIS, materials of power providers’ and public utilities’ databases. A method has been proposed and implemented in the software package form for automating the calculation of the city’s housing sector energy balance for various placement options, power equipment deployment and connection of new or reconstructed buildings to the energy networks. The method is based on the use of an urban area energy balance spatial model in a GIS environment. The article presents an example of calculating the influence of different power supply options of one of the buildings in the city of Ivanovo on the energy balance of the city. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of a comparative analysis of the options of connecting buildings to various energy network types based on a single criterion of minimizing municipal energy costs. The developed method and its implementation can be used to create decision-making information systems for regional and city governments.

Currently, information systems to get data of metering devices are introduced to calculate the consumed thermal energy. The metering devices are installed at the thermal station of the consumers. However, the processing of these data is usually limited to the monthly data collection to calculate the payments and to monitor the output of the observed parameters beyond the established boundaries. The urgent issue is the possibility to use these data for the in-depth study of the processes, and, in particular, to detect district heating pipe network leakage. The authors have used both the methods and tools to model and analyze the operating modes of district heating pipe networks, methods to collect and monitor data of heat supply metering devices, methods to model district heating pipe networks in the geoinformation systems environment. The authors have proposed the method to detect the sections of the heat network where a heat medium leak has occurred. The difference of the method is the use only of the readings of the metering devices installed at consumers. The limitations of the application of the method and its implementation in geoinformation system environment are considered. An example is given to illustrate the possibility to detect the location of leakage based on the analysis of real data of the house heat metering devices collected during leakage and leakage elimination. Practical application of the developed method is discussed by the example of a real situation of leakage at the section of the heat network of the ISPU boiler house. The results obtained have confirmed the possibility to detect localization of leakage in heating networks based on the analysis of meter readings installed at consumers. The developed method can be applied in information systems to monitor the operating modes of district heating networks to search the places of accidents.