Small ruminants (goat and sheep) are economically important and promising animal resource in Bangladesh. Reproductive disorders of goat and sheep cause the great economic problems. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of reproductive disorders in goat and sheep in five upazillas of Mymensingh district. Records of reproductive disorders were collected from official stock book of different Upazillas veterinary hospitals of Mymensingh district during April 2010 to March 2011. Seasonal occurrences of reproductive disorders were also recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis was done to study the prevalence of different reproductive disorders of goat and sheep in five upazillas of Mymensingh district. Out of 4804 clinical cases, a total of 147 reproductive disorders of goat and sheep were screened out from datasheet of official stock book. Among the five upazila, the prevalence of reproductive disorders was higher in Muktagacha (3.35%) and lower in Fulbaria (2.38%). Prevalence of reproductive disorders in all upazila was higher in sheep (4.12%) than goat (2.88%). Prevalence of reproductive disorders of goat was higher in Tarakanda (3.26%) and lower in Fulbaria (2.03%) and the prevalence of reproductive disorders of sheep was higher in Gaforgaon (5.22%) and lower in Haluaghat (3.15%). The major reproductive disorders recorded in goats were dystocia (41.2%), abortion (21.8%), mastitis (21.8%), retained placenta (11.8%) and pyometra (3.4%). Similarly, major reproductive disorders in sheep were dystocia (53.7%), abortion (25%), pyometra (7.1%), mastitis (7.1%) and retained placenta (7.1%). Moreover, seasonal prevalence of reproductive disorders was higher in summer than winter in the species, goat (57.14%) and sheep (12.25%). It was concluded that the most pressing constraint on goat and sheep reproduction in Bangladesh is dystocia, abortion and mastitis. Strategies should be taken to minimize their occurrence.

The experiment was conducted using 48 fish, common carp Cyprinus carpio L. (average weight 41.51±3.51 g). Fish were distributed on 6 aquaria each one represents a starvation period and contained 8 individuals. After two weeks of acclimatization on commercial diet to reduce individual differences in nutritional status, fish were exposed to starvation periods (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks). Fish weighed every two weeks with the sample of 5 fish for measurements of some blood parameters (Haematocrit PCV, haemoglobin Hb, total number of erythrocytes and leukocytes count, total protein, plasma glucose level) and the rate of oxygen and energy consumption. Body weight rates decreased gradually as a direct result of the starvation process. All the studied parameters except for plasma glucose level decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.01) after six weeks of starvation, and the decrease continued to the end of experiment which lasted for ten weeks.