Intraperitoneal adhesion is consequences of surgery in the abdomen and result in infertility, intestinal obstruction and pelvic pain. Luteolin (LUT) is a natural product that has antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic effects and its effects were evaluated as anti-adhesive in animal model. 30 male rats assigned in to 5 groups (6 animals in each group) of LUT 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg and normal saline as a control group and intact animals. Animal anesthetized and peritoneal injury was conducted and seven days following to surgery, they scarified. Microscopic, macroscopic, lipid peroxidation changes and TNF-α plasma concentration were evaluated. LUT reduced microscopic and macroscopic injury and lipid peroxidation significantly. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α didn't show any changes. LUT reduces lipid peroxidation, adhesion band formation in microscopic and macroscopic scale but no change in the serum levels of TNFalpha.

Palladium (Pd) accumulates in many organs and renders many deleterious effects. Although the Pd toxicity has been documented, the precise mechanism of Pd toxicity still needs to be elucidated. In the current research, a hepatotoxicity mechanism of Pd has been investigated.Our findings clearly indicate that Pd induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and oxidative stress, mitochondrial and lysosomal injury and finally cell death. These effects are reversed by antioxidants and ROS scavengers, mitochondrial permeability transmission [1] pore sealing agent, ATP progenitor, and lysosomotropic agent. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with ROS scavengers and MPT pore sealing agents reduced cell death which explains the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial pathway of ROS formation in Pd hepatocytes cell toxicity. Overall, the results have distinctly determined the mechanism by which Pd-induced toxicity in the isolated rat hepatocytes.

Relapse to opioid, even long time after withdrawal, is one of the most important problems of opiate withdrawal programs. Magnesium has been shown that; inhibit glutamate release and induces N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonistic effects; moreover, glutamate NMDA antagonists contribute to the reinforcement of morphine. In the current study, the effects of magnesium sulfate on the acquisition and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in an animal model were investigated. The acquisition and extinction and reinstatement phases induced using morphine 40 and 10mg/kg. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2016, 8(2S), 112-123 113 Magnesium sulfate 300 and 600 mg/kg (not 150mg/kg) reduced morphine dependence.Additionally, tendency of animals to the white compartment of CPP chamber significantly decreased. Magnesium sulfate inhibits morphine tendency and reinstatement probably via NMDA antagonistic effects.