Introduction: Βeta haemolytic streptococcal infections have a worldwide distribution among children and it poses an important health problem globally. So, a five months study was conducted to know the prevalence of beta haemolytic streptococci (BHS) in the throat of school children. Materials and Methods: Throat swabs from 200 school children of Kirtipur were collected, transported to the laboratory and were processed for BHS following standard microbiological procedures. Group A Streptococci (GAS) were identified by beta haemolytic colonies, bacitracin sensitivity and catalase negativity test. ASO test was also performed from serum samples. Result: Altogether 18 (9%) BHS isolates were identified from 200 samples, out of which 11 (5.5%) isolates were from males and 7 (3.5%) were from females. Among the 18 BHS isolates, 10 were identified as GAS isolates. The number of GAS presented only 5% of total sample. There was no significant sex difference in colonization of GAS (p> 0.05). Majority of cases were asymptomatic. All GABHS isolates were sensitive to Penicillin. In Serological examination, i.e. Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titre, all serum samples showed less than 200 IU ASO titre. Conclusion: This result highlights the current situation of GABHS throat infection in school children of Kirtipur.

Background: Increasing antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a global problem. Fluoroquinolones are recommended as first line therapy for children and adults infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of different classes of antibiotics with levofloxacin from blood samples of suspected enteric fever patients visiting Birhospital, Kathmandu. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauerdisc diffusion method as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guideline. Results: Among 50 isolates of Salmonella enterica, 39 (78%) were S.Typhi and 11 (22%) were S. Paratyphi A. All the isolates were tested against antibiotics, and all isolates were found sensitive to chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone whereas 3 isolates of S. Typhi were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 1 was resistant to levofloxacin. Fluoroquinolone resistant S. ParatyphiA was not observed. Among the 10 (20%) multi drug resistant isolates, only 1 isolate was resistant to levofloxacin which was S. Typhi. Both S.Typhi (96.7%) and S. Paratyphi A (89.4%) were resistant to Nalidixic acid. Conclusion: High level of nalidixic acid resistance and even some fluoroquinolone resistance showed that the treatment of the enteric fever cannot be relied on the fluoroquinolones. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 03 | Number 01 | January-June 2014 | Page 19-21 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10344