A swarm of 14 landslides occurred spontaneously within the Azenge Mountain on November 13 th , 2010 between the hours of 1 and 6 am after torrential rains. The landslides were studied using interviews, field observations and laboratory study of the soil samples collected from the major landslide site. Results of the study show that the event that was reported by many local media in Nigeria as volcanic eruption was a spontaneous massive slope movement along the mountainous terrain of Imande Ukusu, Mon village. About 1,123,918 m 3 of rock and debris were moved along the sliding surface for more than 1.5 km to the toe of the mountain within a very few minutes. The size of the materials moved decreases from the top to the toe of the slope which range from 50 o to 5 o respectively. These materials range in size from block of rocks of various sizes, soil to mud. The largest boulders moved measured 71.2 m and 88.5 m respectively. The rock types in the area include gneisses, granites, basaltic rocks and dolerite dykes which have a general strike of 240 o NW with a dip of 038 o NE and are highly fractured. The fractures and dip are in the direction of the slope. Laboratory result of the soil samples reflect two types of grain sizes. Those with very high degree of susceptibility to sliding above the sliding surface which plot in the failure zone and those less susceptible from the sliding surface and plot outside the failure zone. Torrential rainfall towards the end of the year was the main triggering mechanism of the landslides. Other causes are attributed to geological, morphological and human factors. The landslides led to the death of 1 person, destruction of vegetation, soil structure and texture, farmlands and remodeling of the geomorphology of the area. It is recommended that human activities along the toe of the hills be reduced and settlements should be sited far away from the hills to avoid further loss of lives in future.

This paper presents the application of Markov chain model with non-stationary transition probabilities to study the monthly data of the power distribution in Niger state in the wet, Dry-Hot and Hamatten/DryHot seasons. The result indicates an optimal power distribution of over 150,000MWwith probability 0.49 during the wet season, 0.25 during the hot-dry season and 0.19 in the hot-cold season respectively. The variation of power distribution directly affects the electricity consumers. Markov chain model could be used as a predictive tool for determining the power distribution pattern at different seasons in the Study area. These predictions might be used for the management of (NCC) for effective distribution of megawatts. Keywords: Markov Chain, Transition probability, Non-stationary, Power Distribution Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electric power, it carries electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers. Onochie, et al (2015) said that adequate power supply is the hallmark of a developed economy. Any nation whose energy need is epileptic in supply, prolongs her development and risks losing potential investors. Again, it is an unavoidable prerequisite to any nation's development. Electricity generation, transmission and distribution are the three stages of delivering electricity to consumers. The delivery of electricity to consumers in Nigeria has multidimensional problems (Sule, 2010) focused on capacity of electricity generation in Nigeria and the major factors affecting electricity generation, transmission and distribution in the country. The factors are none diversification of sources of energy used in electricity generation, poor maintenance culture, electrical power transmission line losses due to long distance between generating stations and load centers. Studies have been carried out on electricity consumption around the globe. Ubani, (2009) determined the electricity consumption pattern in south-south geopolitical region of Nigeria. The results showed that there were significant differences in electricity consumption pattern amongst the five states that constitute the south-south geopolitical region. River state had the highest mean of consumption rate, followed in descending order by Delta, Edo, Akwa Ibon and Bayelsa states. He recommended for strategic and systematic distribution of electricity to ensure adequate supply in south-south geopolitical region. Abubakar, (2005) studied Markov chain model with stationary and non-stationary transition probabilities for asthmas disease. The effect of treatment on the disease is also considered. The model could be used to study the condition of asthma patient in the Nigeria environment when the relevant data could be obtained. Mohammed, (2013) modeled the three state Markov model considered for both discrete and continuous time for the reservoir elevation. The effect of the varying season condition was also studied in the model. The model was used to analyse the data obtained from the dam. The res...

This paper demonstrates the application of Markov chain model with non-stationary transition probabilities to study data of the Reservoir elevation of Shiroro dam in the dry and raining seasons. The result indicates an optimal of 40% and 49% transition probabilities at equilibrium for dry season and wet season respectively. The result confirms the reality on the ground that higher reservoir elevation is obtained more during the raining season. Conversely, the lower reservoir elevation is experienced largely in the dry season. The variation of the reservoir elevation directly affects the hydro electric power generation and the availability of the other dam resources. Markov chain model could be used as a predictive device for studying reservoir elevation of Shiroro dam. These predictions might be used for the management of the dam resources.

Nigeria is a country in West African region of the world blessed with enormous potential of renewable energy resources such as wind, hydro, solar, animal waste and municipal waste. Despite the availability of these energy resources in large quantity, the country is still ranked among the countries in the world with very poor access to electricity. This paper tends to suggest an approach towards solving the problem of irregular supply of electricity in Hussaini Federal Polytechnic located in Jigawa, a state in northwestern part of Nigeria. This approach involves sectionalizing the polytechnic into two sections and integrating photovoltaic energy system to an already existing utility distribution network in each of the sections. These interconnected energy sources are to be used in charging the storage systems located within each of the sections. Electricity will be supplied to the load in a particular section from the storage system located within the section, through existing distribution network in the polytechnic. The sizing of the storage system, the inverter, the charge controller and the photovoltaic array were done by normal renewable energy system calculation. From the results obtained, each of the sections will require a set of 250kW 480V hybrid inverter, twenty thousand pieces of 250W/24V photovoltaic panels and 2,798.5kWh battery capacity.