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A bifid mandibular canal is a rare anatomical variant believed to result from failure in fusion of multiple embryonic canals. Although the anatomical variations have been well described, clinical sequelae from this anatomical variant have, to our knowledge, never been described before. We describe a case in which a partially erupted third molar closely associated with a bifid mandibular canal was treated with a coronectomy. The patient subsequently attended as an emergency with haemorrhage necessitating exploration under general anaesthesia due to failure of local measures to arrest it. Should such an anatomical variant be suspected, we would recommend cross-sectional imaging such as cone beam computed tomography be mandatory to adequately plan the third molar extraction. Extraction and not coronectomy may provide greater access to any potential source of bleeding such that direct pressure might be directly applied to the area. Clinical relevanceBifid mandibular canals are a rare developmental anatomical variant that may potentially result in increased risk of complications, particularly that of post-operative haemorrhage. Should their presence be suspected then cross-sectional imaging such as cone beam computed tomography is recommended to adequately plan surgery. Complete removal of the tooth is recommended instead of coronectomy to enable direct access to address troublesome bleeding should it occur.Oral Surgery 9 (2016) 248--251.

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