Objective: To assess the errors between estimates of amounts based on photographs and actual quantities of food presented to adults or eaten on the previous day. Design: A photographic atlas was constructed by taking digital photographs of three pre-weighed portion sizes of 212 traditional Lebanese dishes. In a first approach, ten portions of real pre-weighed foods were assessed using the photographic atlas. In a second approach, the participants weighed all foods consumed at one meal and recalled the amount of food that was eaten the previous day using the photographic atlas. Differences between actual quantities and estimation were assessed using a signed rank test (P , 0?05). Spearman's correlation coefficients and bias (Bland-Altman plot) between the methods were calculated. Setting: Lebanese university canteen and Lebanese homes. Subjects: Forty adults (twenty males, twenty females) completed the first protocol and fifty adults (twenty-five males, twenty-five females) completed the second protocol; all were volunteers aged 21 to 62 years. Results: Mean differences between actual and estimated portion sizes by photographs were between 213?1 % and 124?5 % when pre-weighed foods were presented, and between 210?4 % and 13?8 % when foods were consumed the day before. No significant differences were found between actual and estimated portion sizes except for three dishes (loubieh bil zeit, tabbouleh and yachnet bazella). Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement for all dishes with a negligible bias of 20?2 g between estimated and presented portions, and 26?3 g between estimated and eaten portions. Conclusions: In the Lebanese diet, food photographs seem a reliable tool for quantification of food portion sizes.

No abstract

The aim was to design and validate a colour food photography booklet for estimating food portion size in Mediterranean countries and evaluating the contribution of traditional dishes in the Lebanese diet based on an FFQ.The food photography booklet was constructed by taking digital photographs of three pre-weighed portions sizes of 212 traditional Lebanese dishes cooked according to traditional recipes. The booklet was validated by forty volunteers and 400 food portions were estimated. Each subject was asked by an interviewer to indicate the photograph best corresponding to the presented dish. The number of right answers or close to the right answer was counted to evaluate the precision of the portion size estimated. Using this tool, the daily intake of traditional dishes was quantified in a representative population sample of 566 Lebanese using an FFQ.The majority of subjects (84 %) selected the correct or an adjacent portion as referring to the real portion size for the dish. For ten dishes eight series of photographs were regarded as satisfactory. The mean error acceptable at this level of estimation was 20 %. Linear regression analysis indicated that weights of portion sizes chosen from photographs were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the real weights of the portions (R 2 0.83). Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between estimated and measured portions across all dishes, with a negligible bias of 0.73 g. From the food-frequency study it was possible to estimate that 26 % of the mean total daily energy intake was obtained from Lebanese traditional dishes. The contribution (%) of traditional dishes to the total vegetable, legume and olive oil intake was calculated to be 43, 98 and 70 respectively.The validated food photography booklet is a useful tool to achieve acceptable quantification of consumption levels of traditional Mediterranean dishes. A validation of the nutritional composition will make it possible to derive the nutrient intake from the traditional diet. In Lebanon the significant contribution of traditional home-cooked dishes to the total energy intake indicates that this country still follows a traditional Mediterranean diet.

Objective: To compare the results of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of traditional Lebanese dishes with a weekly dietary recall (WDR). Methods: A food list of 56 traditional Lebanese dishes was constructed with color photographs to quantify portion sizes. 566 Lebanese, aged 20-62 years completed a FFQ before a WDR in the same day. Results: The FFQ overestimated the intakes of most food groups (10%) and nutrients (7%) in both sexes. Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.22 for vegetables with meat to 0.95 for cereals, pastries and dairy products in men and from 0.30 for fish to 0.86 for dairy products in women (median: 0.53 for 10 food groups). 10% or less of participants were misclassified in opposite extreme quartiles (except for vegetables with meat in men 14.6% and fish in women 22.7%). Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.66 for retinol to 0.87 for folates in men and from 0.58 for PUFA to 0.69 for energy, fat, folates and potassium in women (median: 0.69 for 21 nutrients). 10% or less of participants were misclassified in opposite extreme quartiles. Conclusions: The FFQ of traditional food intake with a photographic atlas seems a reliable tool for dietary assessment in Mediterranean regions.

IntroductionLes co-infections à mycobactéries non tuberculeuses (MNT) et Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) ont rarement été décrites. L'objectif principal était de décrire la prise en charge de ces co-infections. Les objectifs secondaires étaient d'étudier les caractéristiques de la population atteinte et la survie globale. Patients et méthodes Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective et multicentrique dans 3 centres hospitalo-universitaires français. Les patients ayant eu des prélèvements respiratoires positifs à MNT et AF entre 2009 et 2013 ont été inclus. Résultats 48 patients de 57,5 ± 20,7 ans ont été inclus. 95,8 % des patients avaient des antécédents respiratoires et 45,8 % une immunosuppression. Le tabagisme était un facteur de risque retrouvé d'infection à MNT et d'aspergillose pulmonaire chronique.Les patients ont reçu le plus souvent en première intention un traitement antifongique et en deuxième intention, en cas d'échec un traitement contre les MNT, l'AF étant considéré le plus souvent au départ responsable de la symptomatologie respiratoire. 14,6 % des patients ont eu une modification thérapeutique (changement de posologie ou de molécules) suite à des interactions médicamenteuses trop importantes. La survie était de 81,2 % soit 9 patients décédés au cours de l'étude mais la cause des décès n'était que rarement liée à l'infection à l'un ou l'autre des agents infectieux étudiés. Conclusion En pratique, le premier traitement débuté par les cliniciens était le traitement antifongique et en cas d'échec, les antibiotiques actifs contre les MNT venaient en second lieu. Il convenait alors de surveiller étroitement les taux sanguins des thérapeutiques car il existe un risque élevé d'interactions médicamenteuses. Déclaration d'intérêtsLes auteurs n'ont pas transmis de déclaration de conflits d'intérêts.